Colloid characterization and in situ release in shallow groundwater under different hydrogeology conditions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Changes to groundwater hydrodynamics and chemistry can lead to colloid release that can have a major impact on the groundwater environment. To analyze...     

Traffic-related air quality assessment for open road tolling highway facility

Open road tolling (ORT) design has been considered as an effective means of smoothing highway traffic and reducing travel delay on toll highways. In this paper it is demonstrated that ORT can also achieve significant air quality benefits over the conventional toll plaza design. The near roadside carbon monoxide (CO) concentration levels can be reduced by up to 37%, and diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions can decrease by as much as 58%. These large expected air quality benefits have great implications to the regional efforts of reducing mobile source air pollution toward achieving attainment status and healthier living environment.     

毛叶山桐子培育新方法及其工程化研究

毛叶山桐子的人工培育困难,至今没有人工林地。本研究通过小型试验、扩大试验和工程化试验,对毛叶山桐子的育苗方法进行了系统研究,得出了毛叶山桐子育苗的最佳条件。     

Escherichia coli loading at or near base flow in a mixed-use watershed

This study analyzed the occurrence of Escherichia coli in a mixed land-use watershed with human, cattle, and wildlife fecal inputs located in a karstic geologic region using synoptic monitoring (samples taken throughout the watershed system) during base-flow conditions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of E. coli during base-flow conditions for several months at seven different main channel and nine different tributary sampling sites in the Stock Creek watershed, a 49.3-km(2) basin located in Knoxville, TN. Escherichia coli densities were measured using the Colilert (Defined Substrate Technology) method. The instantaneous loads for E. coli were determined from measured flow rates and E. coli densities, with the highest loading rates observed in the late fall. The study indicated a strong correlation between E. coli load rate (colony-forming units [CFU]/d), 7-d antecedent precipitation, and turbidity. Water quality data, however, also exhibited a spatial dependency; for example, the E. coli load rate was better correlated with turbidity in the slower draining basin tailwater sampling sites than in the faster draining upstream headwater sampling sites. In the headwater sites, the E. coli load rate was better correlated with 7-d antecedent precipitation than turbidity.     

Comparing carbon substrates for denitrification of subsurface drainage water

Nitrate in water from tile drained corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields in the U.S. Midwest contributes to nitrate contamination of surface waters. Denitrification-based biofilters are a promising strategy for reducing nitrate concentrations, but these systems require an external carbon supply to sustain denitrification. The ability of four organic materials to serve as carbon substrates for denitrification biofilters was evaluated in this laboratory study. Wood chips, wood chips amended with soybean oil, cornstalks, and cardboard fibers were mixed with subsoil (oxidized till) and incubated anaerobically for 180 d. Periodically, 15NO3-N was added to maintain nitrate N concentrations between 10 and 100 mg L-1. All of the materials stimulated NO3-N removal and the degree of removal from highest to lowest was: cornstalks, cardboard fibers, wood chips with oil, and wood chips alone. Analysis of 15N showed that immobilization and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium accounted for <4% of NO3-N removal in all treatments, therefore denitrification was the dominant NO3-N removal process. Cardboard fibers, wood chips and oil, and wood chips alone did not support as much denitrification as cornstalks, but their rates of NO3-N removal were steady and would probably continue longer than cornstalks. The addition of soybean oil to wood chips significantly increased denitrification over wood chips alone.     

Community Perception of Water Quality in a Mining-Affected Area: A Case Study for the Certej Catchment in the Apuseni Mountains in Romania

Mining-contaminated sites and the affected communities at risk are important issues on the agenda of both researchers and policy makers, particularly in the former communist block countries in Eastern Europe. Integrated analyses and expert based assessments concerning mining affected areas are important in providing solid policy guidelines for environmental and social risk management and mitigation. Based on a survey for 103 households conducted in a former mining site in the Certej Catchment of the Apuseni Mountains, western Romania, this study assesses local communities’ perceptions on the quality of water in their living area. Logistic regression was used to examine peoples’ perception on the quality of the main river water and of the drinking water based on several predictors relating to social and economic conditions. The results from the perception analysis were then compared with the measurements of heavy metal contamination of the main river and drinking water undertaken in the same study area. The findings indicate that perception and measurement results for the water quality in the Certej Catchment are convergent, suggesting an obvious risk that mining activities pose on the surface water. However, the perception on drinking water quality was little predicted by the regression model and does not seem to be so much related to mining as to other explanatory factors, such as special mineralogy of rock and soils or improper water treatment infrastructure, facts suggested by the measurements of the contaminants. Discussion about the implications of these joint findings for risk mitigation policies completes this article.     

复合菌剂秸秆堆肥对土壤碳氮含量和酶活性的影响

秸秆资源化利用对于农业环境保护和可持续农业发展具有重要意义.利用实验室分离获得的15株高效纤维素降解菌,筛选出可有效降解秸秆的复合菌剂JFB-1,研究了复合菌剂秸秆堆肥对土壤碳氮含量和酶活性的影响.结果表明,接种该复合菌剂能将秸秆堆肥的单个发酵周期缩短1~2 d,堆肥中有机质含量达到403.5~515.1 g·kg-1,C/N比降低至15.30~10.53.盆栽试验发现,施用水稻秸秆堆肥的效果总体好于相应的芦笋秸秆堆肥.与水稻秸秆对照堆肥比较,施用复合菌剂处理的水稻秸秆堆肥150 g·kg-1时,土壤中有机质和全氮含量分别提高33.5%和7.3%,土壤脲酶和纤维素酶活性分别提高16.7%和30.8%;与不施肥处理比较,施用秸秆堆肥可改善土壤微生物群落结构,增加微生物多样性指数.当施用复合菌剂处理的水稻秸秆堆肥100 g·kg-1时,栽培30 d的普通白菜生物量比水稻秸秆对照堆肥提高46.4%,表明复合菌剂JFB-1在秸秆堆肥中具有很大的应用潜力.     

崇明东滩沿海湿地生态系统健康评价

以生态系统健康及压力-状态-响应（PSR）模型作为研究方法，根据沿海湿地生态系统的特点，建立一套沿海湿地生态系统适用的健康评价指标体系。以现有研究数据和统计资料为基础，对长江口崇明东滩湿地进行单因子和综合评价，分别计算其健康度、压力综合指数和响应综合指数。揭示崇明东滩湿地的生态系统健康状况以及形成原因，并提出保护对策和可持续利用的相关建议。研究结果表明：①崇明东滩湿地生态系统的健康度、压力综合指数和响应综合指数分别为0．72、0．64和0．79，总体上仍处于一个较为健康的状态；②崇明东滩湿地生态系统目前的主要压力并不直接来源于土地围垦，而是来源于水环境污染和外来生物入侵。     

隧道路面沥青摊铺过程空气中TSP和多环芳烃污染研究

分析了隧道沥青摊铺过程环境空气中的TSP及多环芳烃质量浓度。TSP用膜法,中流量采样器采样15 min,重量法分析;超声波萃取,高效液相色法分析多环芳烃。结果表明,摊铺机周围空气中TSP超过8 mg/m3,道路空气中TSP超过3 mg/m3;环境空气中苊烯等12种多环芳烃均有检出,苊烯和艹屈质量浓度较高,苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a,h]蒽质量浓度较低。苯并[a]蒽、苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a,h]蒽超标,对人体健康危害较大。建议加强相关行业PAHs的排放水平及其健康风险研究,制定相关限值标准和沥青摊铺过程环境空气的沥青烟监测方法标准。