香港内后海湾拉姆萨尔湿地表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布及来源解析

对香港内后海湾拉姆萨尔湿地红树林表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布特征进行了研究.依照采样区周边环境特征布设4个区域(SZ、SP、MF和M分别代表深圳河、山贝河、泥滩和红树林区),4个区域表层沉积物中15种美国环保局优先控制的多环芳烃浓度总量介于161.7—386.3 ng.g-1.平均值为210.2 ng.g-1,红树林区域沉积物中总量最高(386.3 ng.g-1),而泥滩内部区域沉积物中总量最低(161.7 ng.g-1).对比其时空分布,表明这些化合物主要来自于深圳河和香港的山贝河,但其含量还不会对研究区的生态构成威胁.     

溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑对小鼠的肝脏毒性及其作用机制

研究离子液体溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐([C₁₄mim]Br)对小鼠的肝脏毒性及其作用机制。实验设立3个剂量的染毒组(1/16 LD₅₀、1/8 LD₅₀、1/4 LD₅₀)和1个空白对照组,考察昆明种小鼠染毒14 d后,[C₁₄mim]Br对小鼠血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化产物的影响,并观察肝脏组织的病理变化。与对照组相比,小鼠染毒后,血清中ALT、AST、DBIL和γ-GT明显升高;肝组织受到不同程度的损伤,HSI增大,蛋白质含量降低。当染毒剂量为1/4 LD₅₀时,肝脏中SOD活性和GSH-Px活性显著降低,MDA的含量则明显增加。实验结果表明,[C₁₄mim]Br可损伤小鼠的肝脏功能,破坏机体的抗氧化防御系统,造成氧化损伤和脂质过氧化。     

利巴韦林对4种作物种子发芽的影响

利巴韦林作为一种强效抗病毒药物在畜禽养殖业中应用广泛,有着较高的生态环境风险。采用室内培养箱培养的方法,研究了利巴韦林对4种作物(小麦、白菜、萝卜和番茄)的种子发芽、根伸长和芽伸长的影响。结果表明,利巴韦林对4种作物的种子发芽率影响不大,但其浓度与4种作物的根伸长及芽伸长抑制率显著相关(P<0.01或P<0.05),作物的根伸长比芽伸长对利巴韦林的胁迫更敏感。土壤中利巴韦林浓度与4种作物根伸长抑制率之间呈现正相关关系。根伸长的抑制率达到10%所对应的利巴韦林浓度(IC10)分别为:IC10(白菜)=4.25mg·kg-1,IC10(番茄)=29.7mg·kg-1,IC10(萝卜)=33.2mg·kg-1,IC10(小麦)=49.4mg·kg-1。可以看出,4种作物对土壤中利巴韦林胁迫的敏感性依次是:白菜>番茄>萝卜>小麦。从利巴韦林对4种作物的根伸长和芽伸长抑制率综合来看,小麦对利巴韦林的耐受性最强,而白菜对利巴韦林最敏感。     

Effect of bio-column composed of aged refuse on methane abatement – A novel configuration of biological oxidation in refuse landfill

An experimental bio-column composed of aged refuse was installed around the exhaust pipe as a new way to mitigate methane in refuse landfill.One of the objectives of this work was to assess the effect of aged refuse thickness in bio-column on reducing CH 4 emissions.Over the study period,methane oxidation was observed at various thicknesses,5 cm (small size),10 cm (middle size) and 15 cm (large size),representing one to three times of pipeline diameters.The middle and large size both showed over 90% methane conversion,and the highest methane conversion rate of above 95% occurred in the middle-size column cell.Michaelis-Menten equation addressed the methanotrophs diffusion in different layers of the bio-columns.Maximum methanotrophic activity (V max) measured at the three thicknesses ranged from 6.4 × 10 3 to 15.6 × 10 3 units,and the half-saturation value (K M) ranged from 0.85% to 1.67%.Both the highest V max and K M were observed at the middle-size of the bio-column,as well as the largest methanotrophs population,suggesting a significant efficiency of methane mitigation happened in the optimum zone with greatest affinity and methanotrophic bacteria activities.Therefore,bio-column is a potential style for methane abatement in landfill,and the aged refuse both naturally formed and artificially placed in the column plays a critical role in CH 4 emission.     

有机紫外吸收剂BP-3的厌氧污泥降解特性

2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮（BP-3）作为化学品添加剂广泛应用于防晒霜、化妆品和染色剂等个人护理品以及塑料制品,用于吸收紫外线防止皮肤晒伤、材料老化和腐蚀.经使用后BP-3随污水排放或者人类涉水活动直接或间接排放到受纳水环境.因BP-3属于疏水性化合物,进入水环境后更易于分配至污泥和沉积物等缺氧和厌氧环境,厌氧微生物降解是BP-3重要的自然消减过程.然而,目前BP-3在不同厌氧条件下的降解转化机制仍不清楚.本研究以城市污水处理厂厌氧污泥为接种体,对比分析了不同厌氧还原条件和碳源共代谢对BP-3厌氧降解转化的差异.研究结果表明,硝酸盐、硫酸盐还原条件抑制BP-3的厌氧降解,而额外添加混合碳源可促进BP-3的降解（最短降解半衰期为1.285 d）.通过对混合碳源体系厌氧菌群驯化培养,BP-3降解能力显著提高,降解半衰期缩短至0.734 d （10 mg·L^-1）.利用UPLC-QTOF-MS鉴定主要降解中间产物为2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮（BP-1）,推测其厌氧降解转化主要途径为去甲基化.筛查获得了一株BP-3高效厌氧降解单菌,通过16S rDNA测序比对确定为柠檬酸杆菌属兼性厌氧菌.     

国际马拉松赛期间厦门同期气温诊断分析

利用厦门市长年代气温观测资料(1973-2021年),用趋势分析方法分析了国际马拉松赛期间厦门同期气温变化特征,发现1月多年平均气温呈现缓慢线性增温趋势,而逐日气温呈现明显的小幅波动下降趋势.利用小波分析方法研究了高、低温的多时间尺度变化特征.结果表明,高、低温均具高低频两个振荡周期,且从闭合中心的发展趋势来看,预计2...     

复合菌剂秸秆堆肥对土壤碳氮含量和酶活性的影响

秸秆资源化利用对于农业环境保护和可持续农业发展具有重要意义.利用实验室分离获得的15株高效纤维素降解菌,筛选出可有效降解秸秆的复合菌剂JFB-1,研究了复合菌剂秸秆堆肥对土壤碳氮含量和酶活性的影响.结果表明,接种该复合菌剂能将秸秆堆肥的单个发酵周期缩短1~2 d,堆肥中有机质含量达到403.5~515.1 g·kg-1,C/N比降低至15.30~10.53.盆栽试验发现,施用水稻秸秆堆肥的效果总体好于相应的芦笋秸秆堆肥.与水稻秸秆对照堆肥比较,施用复合菌剂处理的水稻秸秆堆肥150 g·kg-1时,土壤中有机质和全氮含量分别提高33.5%和7.3%,土壤脲酶和纤维素酶活性分别提高16.7%和30.8%;与不施肥处理比较,施用秸秆堆肥可改善土壤微生物群落结构,增加微生物多样性指数.当施用复合菌剂处理的水稻秸秆堆肥100 g·kg-1时,栽培30 d的普通白菜生物量比水稻秸秆对照堆肥提高46.4%,表明复合菌剂JFB-1在秸秆堆肥中具有很大的应用潜力.     

高碘地下卤水中细菌产碘氧化酶的影响因素

高碘地下卤水的细菌碘氧化过程可以减轻工艺管线的生物污损危害。分离自高碘地下卤水中的细菌Roseovarius sp.IOB-7,其分泌的碘氧化酶可催化氧化碘离子生成能够抑制敏感菌生长的碘单质,从而减少生物污损。实验结果显示,加入16μmol/L的Cu~(2+)可促进IOB-7的生长,并将碘氧化酶活力提高了1.75倍。碘氧化酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH为5.5。以碘离子为底物的催化氧化反应中,当pH值为9时,Trametes versicolor漆酶已经完全失活,而碘氧化酶则仍然保持了32%的相对酶活力,显示出更好的pH应用范围和稳定性。开展高碘地下卤水环境中细菌碘氧化酶的研究,对利用生物酶法进行工艺管线生物污损的防治有积极的指导意义。     

Size-resolved aerosol water-soluble ions at a regional background station of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, North China

The characteristics of water-soluble ions in size-resolved particulate matter were investigated usingion chromatography at Shangdianzi,a regional background station of Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei.Seasonal total concentrations of ions(Na~+,Mg~(2+),K~+,Ca~(2+),NH_4~+,Cl~-,SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~-) were75.5±52.9 μg/m~3 in spring,26.5±12.3μg/m~3 in summer,22.7±20.4μg/m~3 in autumn,and31.1±23.9 μg/m~3 in winter,respectively.The secondary ions(NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-) and NH_4~+),mainly associated with fine particles,accounted for 84.2%in spring,82.1%in summer,81.5%in autumn and 76.3%in winter of all ions.Strong correlations were found between NH_4~+ and SO_4~(2-)(r=0.95,p0.01) as well as NH_4~+ and NO_3~-(r=0.90,p0.01) in fine particles;while in coarse particles,correlations between Mg~(2+) and NO_3~-(r=0.80,p0.01),and Ca~(2+) and NO_3~-(r=0.85,p0.01) were found.The concentrations of Na~+,K~+,Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),NH_4~+,Cl~-,NO_3~-,and SO_4~(2-) were 2.02,0.81,0.36,1.65,9.58,4.01,18.9,and 18.4 μg/m~3 in particulate matter from southeast-derived air masses,which were typically 1.58-3.37 times higher than in northwest trajectories.Thus,concentrations of water-soluble ions at this background station were heavily influenced by regional transport of serious pollution derived from biomass burning,coal combustion,industrial and vehicle exhaust emissions from Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei.