Population Dynamics of Escherichia coli in Surface Water1

Bucci, Vanni, Marin Vuli?, Xiaodan Ruan, and Ferdi L. Hellweger, 2011. Population Dynamics of Escherichia coli in Surface Water. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(3):611‐619. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00528.x Abstract: Present models of the fate of enteric bacteria in surface water usually assume simple first‐order decay. However, observed decay kinetics are typically biphasic and there is increasing evidence for growth in the ambient environment. These features are similar to the stationary phase of long‐term batch cultures, where the dynamics are the result of repeated cycles of population takeovers by Growth Advantage in Stationary Phase (GASP) mutants able to scavenge nutrients released from dead cells. We investigated the possible role of this mechanism (i.e., growth of an adapted subpopulation) in surface water using laboratory experiments with various strains of Escherichia coli in different types of water. Addition of ampicillin (which only kills dividing cells) to these cultures caused a decrease in the total cell density, demonstrating the presence of a growing subpopulation. Furthermore, long‐term survivors from surface water cultures outcompete naïve cells and take over the population in surface water. This growth advantage is heritable (i.e., aged strains were isolated from a single cell) and consistent with the GASP mechanism, although the responsible loci were not identified. Our results show that E. coli populations in surface water are dynamic and consist of dying naïve cells and growing surface water adapted cells. These results can explain the apparent biphasic decay pattern observed in laboratory experiments. This mechanism may also be important in the ambient environment.     

农村主要环境问题与对策措施探讨

农村环境问题,主要源于老百姓的日常生活和农业生产中农用化学物资的使用,畜禽养殖业和乡镇企业的污染以及资源的不合理开发利用而带来的生态破坏。为此,应该从环保宣传入手,提高农民的环保意识,尤其是提高农村中小学生的环保意识,进而带动家长影响社会,倡导科学使用农用化学物资,实施规模化养殖,鼓励农村废物综合利用,实行资源无害化处理,强化乡镇企业的环境监管,注重发展生态农业,从而在提高农民生活水平中,实现生态保护与农村经济发展双赢。     

城市土壤重金属污染来源研究

随着城市工业化和城市化进程的不断深入,人们越来越关注城市土壤重金属污染的问题.本文介绍了城市土壤的概念,城市土壤重金属污染的特征及其危害.重点从工业、交通、大气沉降、农用物资等自然和人为污染来源,探讨城市土壤重金属污染来源的种类和特点,并提出了城市土壤重金属污染的生物效应与食品安全、土壤重金属迁移转化规律、同位素地球化学示踪方法和城市土壤数据库建设等方面的研究展望,以期为城市土壤重金属污染的相关研究、环境改善管理和决策提供参考依据.     

Comparison of two methods for detection of fecal indicator bacteria used in water quality monitoring of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Scientifically sound methods to rapidly measure fecal indicator bacteria are important to ensure safe water for drinking and recreational purposes.A total of 200 water samples obtained from the Three Gorges Reservoir during three successive one-year study periods(October 2009 to September 2012) were analyzed using multiple-tube fermentation(MTF)and most probable numbers combined with polymerase chain reaction(MPN–PCR).The MPN–PCR method was found to be significantly more sensitive than the MTF method for detecting Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.,and of equal sensitivity for detecting total coliforms when all surface water samples were grouped together.The two analytical methods had a strong,significant relationship,but MPN–PCR took only 12–18 hr,compared with the 3–8 days needed using the MTF method.Bacterial concentrations varied per sampling site but were significantly lower in the mainstream of the Yangtze River than those in the backwater areas of tributaries.The water quality of 85.8% of water samples from the mainstream was suitable for use as a centralized potable water source,while the water quality of 52.5% of water samples from the backwater areas was unsuitable for recreational activities.Relationships between fecal indicator bacteria showed significant correlation(r = 0.636–0.909,p 0.01,n = 200),while a weak but significant correlation was found between fecal indicators and water turbidity,water temperature,daily inflow,and total dissolved solids(r = 0.237–0.532,p 0.05,n = 200).The study indicated that MPN–PCR is a rapid and easily performed deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)-based method for quantitative detection of viable total coliforms,E.coli,and Enterococcus spp.in surface water.     

武汉工业大学水泵房噪声治理

分析了水泵房噪声产生的机理,提出以隔声为主,辅以消声、吸声、绿化等综合治理措施,实现了治理达标目的。     

改性聚合硫酸铁的絮凝特性及其应用

本文较详细地介绍了改性聚合硫酸铁的絮凝机理、净水性能、质量指标、应用范畴及其注意事项,并使用珠江水对几种主要的无机高分子絮凝剂进行了性能测试,结果表明,改性聚合硫酸铁的生产成本最低,净水效果却最显著.     

Studies on biodegradation of nicotine by Arthrobacter sp. strain HF-2

A nicotine-degrading bacterium, strain HF-2, was isolated from tobacco waste-contaminated soil and identified as a member of Arthrobacter sp. based on morphology, physiological tests, 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic characteristics. At thermal denaturation test indicated that the G + C mol% of strain HF-1 was 63.5. The relationship between the growth of the isolate and the nicotine degradation suggested that strain HF-2 could utilize nicotine as sole sources of carbon, nitrogen and energy. Blue pigment was observed during the nicotine degradation by strain HF-2. The isolate grew well at 20 to 33 degrees C, initial pH 6.5 to 8.0 and 0.5 to 2.0 g L-1 of nicotine concentration in the nicotine inorganic salt media. The maximum growth and nicotine degradation occurred at 30 degrees C, initial pH 7.0 and 0.7 g.L-1 of nicotine concentration in media under natural incubation condition. Strain HF-2 could degrade 100% of nicotine under the optimized incubation conditions for 43 h. The concentrations of nicotine were monitored by high performance liquid chromatography. This study demonstrates Arthrobacter sp. strain HF-2 had a great ability to degrade nicotine, and it may be available for the application to the bioremediation of environments contaminated by tobacco waste.     

Screening and identification of cellulose degrading bacterium Bacillus siamensis BREC-11 with tolerance to furfural北大核心CSCD

Furfural is a toxic metabolic inhibitor that is created during the conversion of lignocellulose to produce fuel, which can retard fermentation and increase production costs. thus, it is important for lignocellulosic conversion that the ability of the strain to resist furfural stress be improved. A cellulose-degrading bacterium BREC-11 with tolerance to furfural was isolated from the intestinal tract of Omphisa fuscidentalis hampson larvae via the addition of furfural in the medium. Based on analyses of morphological observations, physiological and biochemical characterizations, and 16S rDNA sequences, strain BREC-11 was shown to represent a member of the genus Bacillus and was named B. siamensis BREC-11. to study the tolerance concentration of strain BREC-11, a wide range of furfural formaldehyde concentrations were tested and strain BREC-11 was shown to grow in the mineral medium containing furfural up to 3.5 g/L. Cellulase activity of strain BREC-11 was determined at the tolerable concentration of 3.5 g/L furfural after incubation at 30 ℃ and 150 r/min for 2 days. Results indicated that filter paper enzyme, CMC-Na enzyme, and β-glucosidase activity was 0.1 U/mL, 0.21 U/mL, and 0.07 U/mL, respectively. BREC-11 is a cellulose-degrading bacterium with resistance to furfural, which has potential application in future bio-refinery processes. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

高压聚乙烯装置料仓闪燃隐患综合治理

介绍了茂名石化分公司化工事业部高压聚乙烯装置料仓闪燃隐患治理的情况.根据存在的问题从两个方面进行了改造:采用多重管重力掺混技术,降低气相粉尘浓度,减少静电积聚;在料仓底部增设通风口,增加氮气、空气反吹管等,减少可燃气体积聚.     

东南大陆火山构造与矿产时、空关系——火山成矿作用配置模式

火山成因矿产是火山活动特定阶段产物,本文通过对火山机构发展演化阶段所发生的成矿作用和区域内主要金属、非金属矿产在火山机构中赋存部位的归纳,建立了火山成矿作用配置模式.