南水北调中线工程对汉江流域疾病流行的影响

本文在分析湖北省局部地区自然疫源变化及疾病趋势的基础上,指出了南水北调中线工程可能对地氟病、血吸虫、疟疫、乙脑及其它水源性疾病所带来的影响,并提出了建设性的建议和对策。     

地热水养殖对鱼的卫生质量的影响

地热水中常含有某些有害的化学成分，本文论述了利用地热水养殖对鱼的影响，我们发现，由于生物富集作用，在地热水中生长的鱼含氟量较高，还含有砷，镉等污染物，因此，利用地热水养殖，应该十分注重鱼产品的卫生质量。     

Phylogenetic and degradation characterization of Burkholderia cepacia WZ1 degrading herbicide quinclorac

Strain WZI capable of degrading quinclorac was isolated from a pesticide manufactory soil and considered to be Burkholderia cepacia, belonged to bacteria, Proteobacteria, beta-Proteobacteria, based on morphology, physio-biochemical properties, whole cell fatty acid analysis and a partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. Strain WZ1 decomposed 90% of quinclorac at original concentration of 1000 mg L(-1) within 11 days. GC/MS analysis showed that the strain degraded quinclorac to 3,7-dichloro-8-quinoline and the cracked residue 2-chloro, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, indicating that the metabolic pathway was initiated by process of decarboxylation followed by cleavage of the aromatic ring. Stain WZ1 was also able to degrade some other herbicides and aromatic compounds, including 2,4,5-T, phenol, naphthalene and hydrochinone etc. This paper describes for the first time Phylogenetic and degradation characterization of a pure bacterium which, is able to mineralize quinclorac.     

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an aerobic reactor with granular sludge originating from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor.

Anaerobic granular sludge, obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor at a brewery waste treatment station, was cultured for 3 months under aeration conditions until the diameter of sludge was in the range 1.8 to 2.6 mm. The aerobic granular sludge gathered acquired the ability of catalyzing simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) and was applied in the study of the process of nitrogen removal in a bioreactor. The ratio between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) concentration in the influent was found to be an important factor influencing the process of SND. The final percentage removal of NH4(+)-N reached 100% under the optimal condition of 500 mg/L COD and 0.39 NH4(+)-N/COD. Intermediate products, such as nitrite-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen, were also analyzed to clarify the SND process with the aerobic granular sludge.     

Effects of chronic lead exposure on short-term and long-term depression in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus in vivo

Chronic developmental lead (Pb) exposure to the rat has been reported to impair the long-term potentiation (LTP) in area CA1 and DG of the hippocampus. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of chronic Pb exposure on homosynaptic short-term depression (STD) and long-term depression (LTD) of population spikes (PS) in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus in vivo. Neonatal Wistar rats were exposed to Pb from parturition to weaning via the milk of dams fed with 0.2% lead acetate solution. The input/output (I/O) function, paired-pulse reaction (PPR), the PS were measured in the area CA1 in response to low frequency stimulation (LFS). The results showed that the homo-STD amplitude of PS depotentiation in Pb-exposed rats (87.48 +/- 7.44%, n = 14) was less significant than that in control rats (72.34 +/- 6.05%, n = 18, P<0.05), and the homo-LTD amplitude of PS depotentiation in Pb-exposed rats (72.80 +/- 5.86%, n = 14) was even less significant than that in control rats (47.80 +/- 5.03%, n = 18, P<0.01). The results suggest that chronic Pb exposure in neonatal rats caused impairments in the STD and LTD of area CA1 of hippocampus.     

铝的生物毒性及其防治策略

铝是重要的金属元素,它的广泛应用导致了水体,土壤以及各种水生物,动植物体内残余铝含量不断升高,直接或间接地危害到人体身心健康,威胁着人类的生存和发展。     

包头地区土壤氟污染研究

内蒙古包头地区是我国氟污染的严重地区之一。本文研究了土壤含氟量的特点,发现该区土壤本身含氟量偏高,加以三废中氟的污染,使氟病发生的可能性增加。根据土壤中水溶性和全氟的分布,可以估计大气氟污染的范围和程度。与大气氟污染相比,资料表明,包钢尾矿坝往南3km内的土壤全氟和水溶性氟测定结果说明,土壤氟污染现在已达坝下2km,最高浓度处每公顷每公尺土层中含氟近1吨。目前,如不采取措施,尾矿坝对土壤、地下水和作物的影响将更加严重。针对尾矿坝对环境的污染特点,提出了防治污染的措施。     

减少硫磺回收装置的SO2排放

针对硫磺回收装置SO2排放不能满足GBl6297—1996的现状，具体分析了本装置减少SO2排放的相关方法。     

苏州河截流区外非点源污染调查

为了摸清苏州河截流区外的污染物量以及对苏州河下游段水质的影响,为苏州河截流污水工程的运行和进一步治理提供科学依据,采用美国环保局的非点源负荷函数和城区污染物流失量负荷模型等方法,对苏州河截流区外(黄渡—北新泾区段)地表径流等非点源污染负荷进行全面调查。结果表明:(1)非点污染源是目前苏州河截流区外最主要的污染源;其中,畜牧业污染为本区最大的非点污染源。(2)北新泾断面是本区污染物向下游(截流区)排放的主要控制点。(3)截流工程实施后,非点污染源将成为苏州河污染最主要的来源之一。     

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰稳定化和资源化处理初探

垃圾焚烧飞灰中含有较高浓度的铅、镉等重金属，以及痕量级二噁（口英）类等有机物，因此被列为危险废物。飞灰一般经适当的稳定化预处理后。才可进入危险废物填埋场填埋处置。文章简要介绍了几种垃圾焚烧飞灰的稳定化处理技术（水泥固化技术．熔融固化技术、化学药剂稳定化技术），以及飞灰的资源化处理技术，以期为飞灰处理技术的进一步研究作铺垫。