菲尔德斯半岛火山构造及其时空演化

菲尔德斯半岛火山活动有两个高峰期,相应分为两个亚族回.火山机构有二类,一类以火山颈相岩柱为标志,另一类发育着火口相、近火口相集块岩、集块熔岩.据形成时间又可分为早期和晚期火山机构.火山活动明显受区域构造控制,为典型的裂隙中心式喷发,形成本区NW向、间距约为2km的火山喷发带.早期活动遍及全区,具有自SW向NE迁移的总体演化趋势;晚期沿火山喷发带自NW向SE局部性迁移.     

Decomposition of simulated odors in municipal wastewater treatment plants by a wire-plate pulse corona reactor

Decomposition of simulated odors in municipal wastewater treatment plants was investigated experimentally by a wire-plate pulse corona reactor. A new type of high pulse voltage source with a thyratron switch and a Blumlein pulse forming network (BPFN) was adopted in our experiments, and the testing malodorants were ammonia, ethanethiol and tri-methyl amine, respectively. The maximum output power of the pulse voltage source and the maximum peak voltage were 1 kW and 100 kV. The experiments were conducted at the gas-flow rate of 4.0-23.0 m3 h(-1). Important parameters, including peak voltage, pulse frequency, capacitance (inductance) of the BPFN, gas-flow rate, initial concentration, which influenced on the removal efficiency, were investigated. The results show that the odors can be treated effectively. Almost 100% removal efficiency was obtained for 32 mg m(-3) ammonia at the gas-flow rate of 4.0 m(3) h(-1). The maximum removal efficiencies of 85 mg m(-3) ethanethiol and 750 mg m(-3) tri-methyl amine at 10.0 m(3) h(-1) were 98% and 91%, respectively. The energy yield of 110 mg m(-3) ammonia was 2.99 g kWh(-1) when specific energy density was 106 Jl(-1). In the cases of ammonia, ethanethiol and tri-methyl amine removal, ozone and nitrogen oxides were observed in the exit gas. The carbon and sulfur elements of ethanethiol and tri-methyl amine were mainly converted to carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. Moreover, the ammonium nitrates and sulfur were discovered in the reactor.     

施行科学震灾保险的政策法规保障

分析了保险机制得以深入救灾领域的社会环境氛围，进而从政策和法规的角度阐述了科学震灾保险的运行保障问题。     

表面包覆聚合氯化铝吸附材料的制备与性能表征

在颗粒状黏土素瓷载体上 ,经灼烧制备具有共价结合的铝胶薄膜 ,并以此为载体 ,在聚合氯化铝形成过程中与氯化铝悬浊液共熟化 ,在铝胶薄膜表面生成聚合氯化铝 ,经灼烧进一步固化而制得表面包覆聚合氯化铝吸附材料。该吸附材料作为絮凝剂可循环使用约 17次。用于处理造纸污水 ,COD、BOD、悬浮物、硫化物、色度等指标可分别降低约 93%、77%、96 %、94 %和 80 %。     

我国水资源开发利用中亟待解决的几个认识问题

本文在分析８０年代在以来我国用水变化趋势基础上，探讨了北方地区的缺水程度，并对南水北调工程和可调水量提出了下些看法；文章还从水资源管理模式、法制和法规建设等方面阐述了对当前我国水资源管理政策方面的认识，从水的有效利用与水源保护、水的定价与成本回收、与水有关的社会与环境问题等方面论述了我国２１世纪将面临的有关水问题。     

Catalytic hydrothermal depolymerization of nylon 6

Depolymerization of nylon 6 to produce ε-caprolactam using an environmentally friendly heteropoly acid catalyst was studied at temperatures between 553 and 603 K in water. The products of depolymerization were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the depolymerized product was mainly ε-caprolactam with a little 6-aminocaproic acid and oligomers. The phosphotungstic heteropoly acid used as a catalyst can improve the hydrolysis rate and yield of ε-caprolactam. The optimum hydrolysis conditions for ε-caprolactam yield were as follows: phosphotungstic heteropoly acid content, 3%; reaction temperature, 573 K; and reaction time, 85 min. Under these conditions, the yield of ε-caprolactam was 77.96%. In the temperature range 553–603 K, the activation energy of 3% phosphotungstic heteropoly acid-catalyzed depolymerization was evaluated as 77.38 kJ/mol, which is lower than the 86.64 kJ/mol value for no catalyst.     

空气中有机氯农药在不同粒径颗粒物上的分布

采用 DFJ-1型五段分级采样装置,对呼和浩特市冬夏两季空气中不同粒径(分别为≥7.0μ m,7.0-3.3μm,3.3-2.0μm,2.0-1.1μm,≤1.1μm)颗粒物上有机氯农药的残留量进行分析.测定结果表明:在空气颗粒物分级样品中,均检出有机氯农药(HCH-666 和p,p'-DDE)残留量;空气颗粒物中HCH-666冬季均值为0.502ng·m -3,夏季为1.070ng·m-3,而p,p'-DDE在冬季为0.0 85ng·m-3,夏季为0.108ng·m-3;呼和浩特市空气中有机氯农药残留量夏季均高于冬季,不同粒径空气颗粒物中有机氯农药的分布规律为:冬季主要富集在细小颗粒 (≤1.1μm)上,在30.6%-70.5%之间,在夏季有机氯农药的残留分散吸附在五个不同粒径级上.     

有效降解万古霉素废水COD的真菌菌株筛选及研究

从本实验室保存的447株真菌中筛选出1株能有效降解万古霉紊废水COD的真菌HCCB00304.通过形态观察及分子生物学分析,鉴定该菌株为绿僵菌.利用真菌HCCB00304处理万古霉素废水的最佳条件为:菌体投加量10%(体积分数)、初始pH 6.00、25℃、处理时间60 h,在此条件下可使废水的COD从114 208 mg/L降到56 145 mg/L,COD降解率为50.84%.反应动力学分析表明,COD降解呈一级反应动力学过程,其降解速率常数为0.013 3 h-1.     

蓝藻与污泥混合厌氧发酵产沼气的初步研究

为了实现太湖蓝藻打捞后的快速处置,对厌氧颗粒污泥、消化污泥、剩余污泥与蓝藻混合厌氧发酵产沼气进行了研究。结果表明,蓝藻与污泥混合可以有效促进沼气发酵。在蓝藻与厌氧颗粒污泥物料比为6∶1时,产气效果最佳,沼气产率为73 mL/g VS,平均甲烷含量为69%,最大产气速率为138 mL/d,累计产甲烷量为50 mL CH₄/g干物质,分别是蓝藻与消化污泥、剩余污泥混合发酵时的1.5倍和2.3倍。厌氧颗粒污泥、消化污泥、剩余污泥与蓝藻混合,其VS降解率为11.40%～13.73 %,COD减少了27.97%～46.38%。厌氧发酵对蓝藻藻毒素的含量有较大影响,分别从356、366和244 μg/L降低到检测限5 μg/L 以下。     

好氧污泥对活性艳兰KN-G的吸附特性研究

实验研究了活性艳兰KN-G在好氧污泥上的吸附等温线和吸附动力学,考察了pH对好氧污泥吸附活性艳兰KN-G的影响。结果表明,好氧污泥对活性艳兰KN-G的吸附Freund lich和Langmu ir方程准确性较高,但是从模型的准确性和稳定性两方面考虑,Freund lich方程更适合描述好氧污泥吸附活性艳兰KN-G。应用伪一级、伪二级反应动力学和颗粒内扩散方程模型对实验数据进行验证,表明好氧污泥吸附活性艳兰KN-G更符合伪二级反应动力学模型。pH值对活性艳兰KN-G的吸附影响很大,pH值与吸附量呈负相关。