环境介质中铊的分布和运移综述

本文综述了铊在岩矿石、土壤、植物、动物及大气等环境介质中的分布和运移机理及一些生物效应。在矿床中 ,铊主要分布在低温热液铊、铅、锌、锑、汞、砷等矿床中 ,铊的富集与其亲硫性及有机质密切相关 ,[TlCl4 ]-是铊迁移的主要形式。在土壤中 ,铊主要以水溶态、硫化物结合态、硅酸盐结合态和有机质结合态存在 ,水溶态的铊容易迁移。在植物中 ,铊的运移与钾在植物中的传输有关。在动物中 ,铊对各组织器官的亲和能力依次为 :肾 >睾丸 >脾 >前列腺 >毛发。在大气中 ,铊主要以TlF形式迁移     

流动注射在线离子交换富集-原子荧光光谱法测定环境水样中痕量汞

提出了一种流动注射在线离子交换富集一氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定水样中总汞的分析方法。设计了双柱并联富集，串联洗脱的在线离子交换流路及操作程序，优化了各项化学条件及流路参数。方法操作简便快速，灵敏度高，干扰少。富集倍数达25倍以上，采样频率为30次／h，回收率达90％－105％。应用于环境水样中痕量汞的测定，获得了满意的结果。     

提高循环冷却水处理水平

介绍了长岭炼油化工股份有限公司循环冷却水处理技术开发和管理的经验，分析了取得的经济效益。     

Increased fetal nuchal fold leading to prenatal diagnosis of ring chromosome 15

We report on the prenatal diagnosis of ring chromosome 15 in a fetus with increased nuchal fold and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A 27-year-old woman gravida 2, para 1 had normal maternal serum screen tests in the early second trimester of the index pregnancy. Fetal nuchal fold thickening up to 8 mm was incidentally found during the routine obstetric ultrasound scan at 20 weeks' gestation. Amniocentesis was undertaken and the fetal karyotype was found to be 46,XY,r(15) on cytogenetic study. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a telomeric probe of chromosome 15 demonstrated a terminal deletion on the q arm of the ring-shaped chromosome 15. This is the first report of a prenatally diagnosed case of ring chromosome 15. Moreover, nuchal fold thickness in the second trimester may have a role in its prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prenatal diagnosis of partial monosomy 18p(18p11.2→pter) and trisomy 21q(21q22.3→qter) with alobar holoprosencephaly and premaxillary agenesis

A prenatal diagnosis of partial monosomy 18p(18p11.2→pter) and trisomy 21q(21q22.3→qter) in a fetus with alobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) and premaxillary agenesis (PMA) but without the classical Down syndrome phenotype is reported. A 27-year-old primigravida woman was referred for genetic counselling at 21 weeks' gestation due to sonographic findings of craniofacial abnormalities. Level II ultrasonograms manifested alobar HPE and median orofacial cleft. Cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on cells obtained from amniocentesis revealed partial monosomy 18p and a cryptic duplication of 21q,46,XY,der(18)t(18;21)(p11.2;q22.3), resulting from a maternal t(18;21) reciprocal translocation. The breakpoints were ascertained by molecular genetic analysis. The pregnancy was terminated. Autopsy showed alobar HPE with PMA, pituitary dysplasia, clinodactyly and classical 18p deletion phenotype but without the presence of major typical phenotypic features of Down syndrome. The phenotype of this antenatally diagnosed case is compared with those observed in six previously reported cases with monosomy 18p due to 18;21 translocation. The present study is the first report of concomitant deletion of HPE critical region of chromosome 18p11.3 and cryptic duplication of a small segment of distal chromosome 21q22.3 outside Down syndrome critical region. The present study shows that cytogenetic analyses are important in detecting chromosomal aberrations in pregnancies with prenatally detected craniofacial abnormalities, and adjunctive molecular investigations are useful in elucidating the genetic pathogenesis of dysmorphism. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南京市城市生活垃圾分类收集问卷调查

围绕南京市城市生活垃圾分类收集的问卷调查展开，揭示了南京市生活垃圾收集开展的现状，分析了其间存在的问题及成因，提出了相应的改进意见和解决办法，为生活垃圾分类收集在全国的推广提供了依据。     

柯树背岩体铀金成矿远景分析

本文在研究柯树背岩体矿物岩石学特征基础上 ,通过对该岩体的铀金成矿元素丰度、铀金矿化类型、铀金矿石物质成分及成矿阶段的划分、矿脉的铀金含量及其相关关系、围岩蚀变及原生晕特点、铀金矿化控制因素的详细研究 ,从岩体的放射性地质地球化学特点、岩体蚀变及剥蚀强度、岩石化学及稀土元素地球化学、矿脉向深部的变化趋势等几个方面分析了该岩体的铀金成矿远景及今后找矿工作的意见 ,指出该岩体西体南部断续出现的柯树背—隘高断裂上盘 1km范围与下寮—大坑里断裂夹持区为铀金成矿远景区。     

环境监测数据的随机分析

本文以大气污染监测数据的随机分析为主,阐述了如何根据统计学理论,对大量已有的环境监测数据进行随机分析,以便充分利用环境数据库资源,改善环境监测管理工作。     

改善工艺提高钻井废水COD的达标率

本文重点介绍了完善油气勘探防污土建结构的办法,结果表明:完善后的结构能提高钻井废水COD的达标率。同时,处理水的SS,pH和色度等指标的达标率也可提高。     

克山病病区低硒粮喂养的豚鼠红细胞内Na~+浓度变化的研究

豚鼠分别喂以克山病病区粮(低硒)和非病区粮(硒含量正常),借助合成的D_Y(PPP)_2~(-7)位移试剂用XL-400NMR谱仪直接测试完整红细胞内Na~+的NMR谱,并定量计算细胞内Na~+浓度,发现低硒的病区粮饲养的豚鼠红细胞内Na~+浓度显著高于正常组;病区粮喂养的豚鼠红细胞在老化条件下细胞溶血比非病区严重。