Monitoring the levels of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in passenger cars: Utilisation of car air filters as active samplers

Filters in residential and office air conditioning(A/C) systems have been used as sampling devices for monitoring different pollutants.However,cabin air filters(CAFs) in the A/C system of passenger cars have not been utilised for this purpose.In this study,we collected22 used CAFs from passenger cars in Hanoi,Vietnam to analyse for 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) and 10 organophosphate esters(OPEs).All the analytes were detected in more than 50% of samples with the exception of BDE153 and BDE154.The average concentrations of ∑_(10)OPEs and ∑_8 BDEs in the captured dust were 2600 and 40 ng/g,respectively with Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate(TCIPP) and BDE209 as the dominant congener in OPE and BDE groups,respectively.CAFs are a potential tool to qualitatively assess the levels of semi-volatile chemicals in suspended dust in cars as a screening step for exposure assessment of those chemicals.     

中央生态环境保护督察对经济短期影响的计量分析评估

学界和社会对中央生态环境保护督察执法对我国经济的长期利好均无异议,但对短期影响各方观点不一,其定量研究不足。我们利用宏观经济、金融监管和生态环境保护督察相关数据,从生态环境保护督察对财政收入、工业增加值和GDP等的影响方面进行了定量分析。最后提出,应正确认识和充分肯定中央生态环境保护督察对促进环境质量改善与经济高质量发展的积极作用和正向效果,保持战略定力,在后续工作中坚持分类施治、精细治理,并协同促进关停企业与就业转移,加大财政对环保产业和污染企业环保设备升级换代的支持力度。     

株洲城郊农田土壤重金属污染特征与Pb同位素示踪

通过采集湖南株洲城郊农田区表层土壤（A层）,并分析其Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn等重金属元素含量,研究了土壤中重金属元素的污染特征.为示踪这些金属元素的来源,选择农田区典型土壤样品及湘江沉积物、污染源区土壤样品,进行重金属元素含量和Pb同位素组成测定.结果表明,农田区A层土壤受到不同程度的重金属污染,其中,Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn含量最高,分别为21.71、24.52、261.49、577.94 mg·kg^-1,且Cd、Pb、Zn元素之间显著相关,而研究区附近湘江水体和沉积物中这些元素含量没有增高,说明这些重金属不是来自湘江,而是可能主要来自冶炼厂;铅同位素显示,冶炼厂附近A层土壤²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb值（1.150~1.164）低于周边区域A层土壤（1.164~1.169）,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb值（2.108~2.122）高于周边地区（2.106~2.119）,说明受到人为污染的影响.从污染区分布空间位置和铅同位素源解析的结果看,农田区土壤中Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn等重金属的主要污染源是冶炼厂的冶炼烟气粉尘及与农耕活动有关的其他人为污染.     

环境水污染事件应急监测演练评估模型构建研究

以环境水污染事件为背景,基于层次分析-线性加权法的构建环境水污染事件应急监测演练评估模型。利用层次分析法建立应急演练评估指标体系,构建各因素的判断矩阵,判断矩阵的特征向量作为评估指标的权重,由多位专家评估的权重值计算平均权重,然后利用线性加权法构建应急演练的综合评估模型。通过某江河的水污染事件应急演练实例,对评估模型进行了验证。     

基于系统投入产出和生态网络分析的能源-水耦合关系与协同管理研究——以湖北省为例

能源和水资源之间存在紧密的耦合关系。以往的资源管理政策往往只关注单一资源,忽略了两者的关联性。为促进能源和水资源综合管理,有必要开展能源-水耦合关系和协同管理研究。从社会经济网络视角出发,论文综合运用系统投入产出和生态网络分析方法,构建了湖北省2007和2012年能源-水耦合网络核算框架。结果表明：1）2012年湖北体现能源最终消费量为14 304.93万tce,体现水资源最终消费量为346.66亿m³,相比2007年分别增长52.26%和7.89%,其中,体现在最终使用中能源与水资源流有近50%来自制造业;2）2007年湖北省水资源网络和能源网络的循环率都约为2.71%,与2007年相比,2012年水资源网络循环率显著增长至4.23%~4.40%,而能源网络循环率则变化较小;3）能源网络和水资源网络的系统鲁棒性都偏向于冗余度更高、效率更低的一侧;4）由于能源-水耦合网络的引入,2007—2012年间,在能源和水资源网络中,电力、热力生产和供应部门对于大多数部门的控制都呈现不同程度的增强趋势。研究辨识了能源与水资源协同管理的关键部门和路径,为湖北省能源和水资源可持续利用提供了理论与数据支撑。     

Relating Cd2 + binding by humic acids to molecular weight: A modeling and spectroscopic study

Molecular weight(Mw) is a fundamental property of humic acids(HAs), which considerably affect the mobility and speciation of heavy metals in the environment. In this study, soil humic acid(HA) extracted from Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing was ultra-filtered into four fractions according to the molecular weight, and their properties were characterized.Complexation of cadmium was investigated by titration experiments. For the first time,Langmuir and non-ideal competitive adsorption-Donna(NICA-Donnan) models combined with fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM) quenching were employed to elucidate the binding characteristics of individual Mw fractions of HA. The results showed that the concentration of acidic functional groups decreased with increasing Mw, especially the phenolic groups. The humification degree and aliphaticity increased with increasing Mw as indicated by elemental composition analysis and FT-IR spectra. The binding capacity of Cd~(2+) to Mw fractions of HA followed the order UF1( 5 kDa) UF2(5–10 kDa) UF4( 30 kDa) UF3(10–30 kDa). Moreover, the distribution of cadmium speciation indicated that the phenolic groups were responsible for the variations in binding of Cd~(2+) among different Mw fractions. The results of fluorescence quenching illustrated that the binding capacity of Cd~(2+) to Mw fractions was controlled by the content of functional groups, while the binding affinity was largely influenced by structural factors. The results provide a better understanding of the roles that different HA Mw fractions play in heavy metal binding,which has important implications in the control of heavy metal migration and bio-toxicity.     

重庆市渝中区臭氧时空变化规律因素分析研究

臭氧是城市光化学烟雾的主要成分,同时也是重要的温室气体,因此臭氧污染已经成为城市空气质量的重要因素.对重庆市渝中区2015年3个空气质量自动监测点臭氧浓度进行比较,并分析了臭氧与环境、日照、气温、挥发性有机物、NO2、PM10、PM2.5的相关性.结果表明:臭氧浓度与监测点周围环境有关;臭氧浓度呈典型的季节变化趋势,与日照、气温呈明显的正相关;臭氧浓度小时值变化出现明显的日变化规律;臭氧浓度与挥发性有机物呈正相关,与NO2、PM10、PM2.5有较好的负相关性.     

中国矿业大学南湖校区噪声污染等级监测研究

以中国矿业大学南湖校区为例,采用分功能区监测布点的方法对校园各功能区人群密集地点的噪声污染等级进行监测和分析,以探明大学校园内各功能区人员密集时噪声所能达到的最大声级,并进行评价分析.结果表明:在人流密集状态下,校园内的各测点噪声等级均在60dB以上,处于噪声超限状态.故虽然校园内各测点全天的等效声级不超限或基本达到《声环境质量标准》(GB 3096-2008)的要求,但实质上校园声环境却时常处于"亚健康"状态.     

Anaerobic digestion in mesophilic and room temperature conditions: Digestion performance and soil-borne pathogen survival

Tomato plant waste(TPW) was used as the feedstock of a batch anaerobic reactor to evaluate the effect of anaerobic digestion on Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora capsici survival. Batch experiments were carried out for TS(total solid) concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% respectively, at mesophilic(37 ± 1°C) and room(20–25°C) temperatures. Results showed that higher digestion performance was achieved under mesophilic digestion temperature and lower TS concentration conditions. The biogas production ranged from 71 to 416 L/kg VS(volatile solids). The inactivation of anaerobic digestion tended to increase as digestion performance improved. The maximum log copies reduction of R. solanacearum and P. capsici detected by quantitative PCR(polymerase chain reaction) were 3.80 and 4.08 respectively in reactors with 4% TS concentration at mesophilic temperatures. However, both in mesophilic and room temperature conditions, the lowest reduction of R. solanacearum was found in the reactors with 6% TS concentration, which possessed the highest VFA(volatile fatty acid) concentration. These findings indicated that simple accumulation of VFAs failed to restrain R. solanacearum effectively, although the VFAs were considered poisonous. P. capsici was nearly completely dead under all conditions. Based on the digestion performance and the pathogen survival rate, a model was established to evaluate the digestate biosafety.