一起立式锅炉爆炸事故原因分析及隐患排查

采用现场勘察、光谱分析和金相检验等方法对一起立式锅炉爆炸事故进行原因分析,发现该锅炉制造时存在严重未焊透的设备缺陷和其他使用管理方面的问题。为此制定了超声波检测工艺,对本地区同一制造厂生产的在用锅炉进行隐患排查。对排查发现存在严重制造缺陷的锅炉进行现场维修或召回,对排查发现的使用管理方面的问题也一并跟踪整改。     

个体生理状态及体表微气候监测系统研究

本文对能够反映人体健康状况的生理特征和人体舒适感的体表微气候的指标进行了分析,探讨了将传感器技术、信息传输和显示技术应用于个体防护服装进行健康与安全监护的路径与方法,设计了应用于人体生理状态和体表微气候监测的信息采集、传输、显示和记录系统,研制了可以用于防护服装的智能化生理指征和微气候监测系统,赋予个体防护服对着装者生理状况和着装微环境进行监测的功能。同时也对系统的结构与功能进行了分析和介绍,以便为个体防护服装的智能化监测提供借鉴与参考。     

聚磷硫酸铁的制备及在稠油污水处理中的应用

无机高分子聚合硫酸铁（PFS）,用于处理稠油污水,沉降性能较差,脱色效果不好。在实验室制备了含磷酸根的聚合硫酸铁（PPFS）,通过处理稠油污水,对影响产品絮凝效果的主要因素进行了研究。实验证明：PPFS代替PFS处理稠油污水,可得到良好的絮凝效果。     

畜禽养殖业氨氮总量控制减排技术评估研究

畜禽养殖业是"十二五"期间氨氮总量减排的重点,其清洁生产与末端治理技术种类繁多,不同技术在不同应用条件下减排效果差别显著。深入分析了国内外畜禽养殖业发展与污染现状,系统归纳了国内畜禽养殖业氨氮总量减排技术区域特征,综合使用层次-灰色综合评判法、费用-效益法、表单法等对氨氮总量减排技术进行了综合性的评价研究,构建了基于面向服务架构(SOA)的氨氮减排技术评估咨询平台。结果表明,氨氮总量减排技术评估方法与平台可大幅度提高技术评价的效率和精确度,可广泛应用于企业和管理部门氨氮减排的工程技术与环境管理工作。     

Using supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent to replace water in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric dyeing procedures

Dyeing fabrics in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCD) instead of water can save energy, reduce water use and prevent pollution. The special pilot plant was designed to test dyeing procedures in supercritical carbon dioxide and the analyses of the results indicate major benefits as compared to water based procedures. The dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric in supercritical carbon dioxide using special pilot plant was investigated. Disperse dye, C.I. (color index) Disperse Blue 79, was used in this study. After dyeing, rinsing in supercritical carbon dioxide, which removes the excess dyes, was also discussed. At the same dyeing conditions, K/S (color yield) of dyed fabric significantly increased with increasing the dye concentration from 1% o.w.f. (on weight of fabric) to 5% o.w.f. Dyeing temperature and pressure had a strong influence on the color yield. When the temperature rose above 110 °C, the increase in color yield was obvious. At 20 MPa, 120–130 °C, dyeing reached equilibrium after 60 min. The excess dye of the dyed PET fabric was small. The suitable condition in supercritical carbon dioxide for removal of excess dye from the dyed fabric was 70 °C, 20 MPa. The PET fabric dyed in supercritical carbon dioxide had good fastness and physical properties.     

浅析生态园林城市的建设--以重庆市为例

随着社会、经济的快速发展，城市生态环境问题越来越突出，由此人们提出了建设生态园林城市的构想，即实现了人与自然、人与社会的和谐统一，实现了可持续发展的人类聚居地。山水园林城市与生态城市在本质上是一致的。本文以重庆市为例，从自然、经济、社会三个生态亚系统入手，分析了重庆市生态系统的现状，主要是提出目前面临的问题和矛盾，并在此基础上提出重庆市建设山水园林城市的5条途径。     

基于地表水源热泵尾水排放的江河热环境容量研究

运用FLUENT软件对重庆市洪崖洞水源热泵系统尾水排入受纳水域的过程进行二维数值模拟,选取FLUENT中非耦合、隐式求解器对模型内的定常流动进行求解,得出受纳水域受水源热泵系统温排水影响后的温度梯度和温升面积。在温排水流量为4 500 m3/h、温差为6℃的条件下,得出受纳水域温升值超过1℃的水域面积约为1 600 m2,为模拟江河水域面积的2.0%。选取1℃温升值作为温升带边界控制值,在热泵系统最大负荷工况下,计算得出受纳水域的热环境容量为312.5(m.3℃)/s,剩余热环境容量为306.25(m.3℃)/s。根据地表水环境质量标准,该工程温排水量小于受纳水域的热承载力,不会对受纳水域生态环境造成热污染。     

Atmospheric particulate pollution of Lanzhou using magnetic measurements

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Quantifying public health benefits of environmental strategy of PM2.5 air quality management in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China

In 2013,China issued "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(Action Plan)" to improve air quality.To assess the benefits of this program in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region,where the density of population and emissions vary greatly,we simulated the air quality benefit based on Ben MAP to satisfy the Action Plan.In this study,we estimate PM_(2.5) concentration using Voronoi spatial interpolation method on a grid with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km~2.Combined with the exposure-response function between PM_(2.5) concentration and health endpoints,health effects of PM_(2.5) exposure are analyzed.The economic loss is assessed by using the willingness to pay(WTP) method and human capital(HC) method.When the PM_(2.5) concentration falls by 25% in BTH and reached 60 μg/m~3 in Beijing,the avoiding deaths will be in the range of 3175 to 14051 based on different functions each year.Of the estimated mortality attributable to all causes,3117 annual deaths were due to lung cancer,1924 – 6318 annual deaths were due to cardiovascular,and343 – 1697 annual deaths were due to respiratory.Based on WTP,the estimated monetary values for the avoided cases of all cause mortality,cardiovascular mortality,respiratory mortality and lung cancer ranged from 1110 to 29632,673 to 13325,120 to 3579,1091 to 6574 million yuan,respectively.Based on HC,the corresponding values for the avoided cases of these four mortalities were 267 to 1178,161 to 529,29 to 143 and 261 million yuan,respectively.     

地理探测器方法下北京市人口空间格局变化与自然因素的关系研究

人口空间分布具有尺度特征,从乡镇街道尺度研究自然因素对城市人口空间格局的影响有利于得出更精细的结果,并为城市人口合理布局和规划提供科学依据。论文利用第五、六次人口普查乡镇街道数据,分析北京市人口空间格局特征,利用地理探测器研究自然因素对人口分布的影响。研究表明：1）自然因素对不同类型人口空间格局影响具有差异性。对常住人口作用强度由大到小的自然因素分别是适宜建设用地面积、地形起伏度、坡度、海拔高程和河网密度,对外来人口作用力由大到小的自然因素分别是地形起伏度、适宜建设用地面积、坡度、海拔高程和河网密度;2）自然因素对不同地区人口空间格局影响具有差异性。除适宜建设用地面积外,坡度和河网密度分别对六环内、外区域人口密度影响较大。高程和地形起伏度对六环外人口格局作用力高于六环内地区;3）两类自然因素叠加对人口密度作用的强化方式体现为因素相互协同或因素作用力非线性增加。5类自然因素对人口密度的影响力交互作用探测值为1,各类自然因素对城市人口空间格局的影响力协同增强。