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11.
Özer Betül Yay Aliye Suna Erses 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(45):63867-63877
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Waste-to-energy approaches are becoming increasingly important around the world, and municipal solid waste (MSW) as a renewable and sustainable energy... 相似文献
12.
Johan Östberg Tim Delshammar Björn Wiström Anders Busse Nielsen 《Environmental management》2013,51(3):694-708
Tree inventories are expensive to conduct and update, so every inventory carried out must be maximized. However, increasing the number of constituent parameters increases the cost of performing and updating the inventory, illustrating the need for careful parameter selection. This article reports the results of a systematic expert rating of tree inventories aiming to quantify the relative importance of each parameter. Using the Delphi method, panels comprising city officials, arborists, and academics rated a total of 148 parameters. The total mean score, the top ranking parameters, which can serve as a guide for decision-making at practical level and for standardization of tree inventories, were: Scientific name of the tree species and genera, Vitality, Coordinates, Hazard class, and Identification number. The study also examined whether the different responsibilities and usage of urban tree databases among organizations and people engaged in urban tree inventories affected their prioritization. The results revealed noticeable dissimilarities in the ranking of parameters between the panels, underlining the need for collaboration between the research community and those commissioning, administrating, and conducting inventories. Only by applying such a transdisciplinary approach to parameter selection can urban tree inventories be strengthened and made more relevant. 相似文献
13.
Modern landfill understanding points out controlled operation of landfills. Emissions from landfills are caused mainly by anaerobic biodegradation processes which continue for very long time periods after landfill closure. In situ landfill stabilization aims controlled reduction of emissions towards reduced expenditures as well as aftercare measures. Since April 2010, a new in situ stabilization technique is being applied at a pilot scale landfill (BAIV) within Landfill Konstanz Dorfweiher. This new method utilizes intermittent aeration and leachate recirculation for waste stabilization. In this study, influence of this technique on leachate quality is investigated. Among many other parameters, leachate analyses were conducted for COD, BOD5, NH4–N, NO2–N, NO3–N, TKN and chloride besides continuously on site recorded pH, electrical conductivity and oxidation–reduction potential (ORP). Results from leachate quality analyses showed that biological activity in the landfill was accelerated resulting in initial higher leachate strength and reduced emission potential of landfill. During full scale in situ aeration, ambient conditions differ from optimized laboratory scale conditions which mainly concern temperature increase and deficient aeration of some landfill parts (Ritzkowski and Stegmann, 2005). Thus, as a field application results of this study have major importance on further process optimization and application. 相似文献
14.
Worldwide energy demand has been growing steadily during the past five decades and most experts believe that this trend will continue to rise. The amount of emitted harmful emission gases increases in parallel with increasing energy consumption. This increase has forced many countries to take various precautions, and various restrictions on emitted emissions have been carried. In this study, effects of addition of oxygen containing nanoparticle additives to biodiesel on fuel properties and effects on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated. Two different nanoparticle additives, namely MgO and SiO2, were added to biodiesel at the addition dosage of 25 and 50 ppm. Fuel properties, engine performance, and exhaust emission characteristics of obtained modified fuels were examined. As a result of this study, engine emission values NOx and CO were decreased and engine performance values slightly increased with the addition of nanoparticle additives. 相似文献
15.
Şeyda Fikirdeşici Ergen Esra Üçüncü Tunca Alper Devrim Ozkan Tolga Tarkan Ölmez Emrah Acaröz Ahmet Altındağ 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(5):455-465
The accumulations of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the exoskeleton, gills, hepatopancreas and abdominal muscles of crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) were determined. The strongest correlation observed was between Cr and Ni in the gills (r?=?0.904); moderate to strong correlations between Al, Cr, Fe, Ni and Cu were also observed in gill tissue. Disregarding the gills, the strongest correlation was found between Cu and Zn in the hepatopancreas (r?=?0.808); the correlation between these two metals might have been a result of metallothionein activity. The accumulation of Pb was found to correlate with that of Cd in the exoskeleton, Cd and Zn in the gills, Zn and Cu in the hepatopancreas and Cu in the abdominal muscle. None of these correlations were present in lakewater and sediment samples, suggesting that the crayfish metabolism may be responsible for the co-accumulation of metal–metal pairs. As all correlations in non-gill tissues are observed between divalent metals, a shared transporter such as divalent metal transporter 1 might be involved in the accumulation of these metals. 相似文献
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Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Natural polymers such as chitosan, chitin, cellulose, alginate, pectin, and lignin produced by renewable organic resources are regarded as greener,... 相似文献
19.
Environmental conditions, primary production, and zooplankton populations were studied from May, 1969 to November, 1970 at one station in Kungsbacka Fjord, Sweden. The fjord, with an arca of 53 km2, is a moderately polluted estuary, with a small tidal range. Data for primary production and environmental parameters were correlated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The annual rate of primary production in 1970 was about 100 gC·m-2. Carbon fixation was about 80 g·m-2 in May–November in1969 and 1970. The average monthly rate was highest in June, 1970, with 25 gC·m-2; about 15 gC·m-2 was recorded in August–October of both years. Carbon fixation by the phytoplankton was estimated to be about 2,800 tons in the whole fjord in 1970. The average fresh-water inflow to the fjord, amounting to about 13 m3·sec-1, added about 380 tons of organic carbon, 45 tons of nitrogen, and 4.5 tons of phosphorus per month. Primary production displayed strong correlation with temperature at different depths (P<0.05 to 0.001), indicating the sediments to be the most important nutrient source. A total of 19 holoplanktonic zooplankton species was identified, copepods being the dominant group. The highest zooplankton biomass, 800 to 900 mg·m-3, was recorded in June of both years. The production of copepods in May–October was about 1 gC·m-2 in both years. The total secondary production of the zooplankton was calculated as only 1.8 gC·m-2 in 1970. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the habitat is usually crucial for growth and survival of young life stages. Presently, some nursery areas
of fish larvae are changing due to eutrophication, e.g. due to enhanced growth of ephemeral filamentous algae at the expense
of perennial species. We studied the influence of two habitats, one with filamentous algae (Cladophora glomerata) and the other with bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus), on habitat choice of pike larvae (Esox lucius) in the absence/presence of a predator or a competitor. We further tested whether the habitat choice is adaptive in increasing
survival under predation threat. In contrast to expectations, pike larvae preferred the habitat with ephemeral filamentous
algae to the bladder wrack, thriving in clean waters, independent of the presence/absence of both predator/competitor. In
addition, the survival of the larvae was higher in the filamentous algae in the presence of predators, which suggested that
the habitat preference of the larvae was adaptive. The structure of the bladderwrack habitat was probably too open for newly
hatched larvae, which implies that F. vesiculosus and other large brown algae are not as important refuges for young larvae as previously thought. 相似文献