Ecological engineering land treatment systems──A new development in China

Ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｌａｎｄｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ──ＡｎｅｗｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎＣｈｉｎａ￥ＧｏｎｇＰｉｎｇ；ＳｕｎＴｉｅｈｅｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍ...     

壳聚糖对酸性染料的吸附性能研究

采用壳聚糖为吸附剂,研究了壳聚糖对兰纳洒脱酱红B(ABB)和尼龙山黄N-3RL(NYN)两种酸性染料模拟废水的吸附性能.在染料废水初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、体积为50 mL的条件下,壳聚糖对两种染料废水的最佳吸附条件:壳聚糖脱乙酰度为75%,壳聚糖粒径为0.054～0.076 MM,壳聚糖加入量为20 mg,搅拌时间为2.0 h,搅拌速率为400 r/min,废水pH为6,ABB废水温度为10～30 ℃,NYN废水温度为20-50℃.在最佳的吸附条件下,壳聚糖对ABB和NYN的吸附容量分别为244.45 mg/g和239.14 mg/g.壳聚糖对ABB的吸附较符合Freundlich方程,对NYN的吸附较符合Langmuir方程.     

复合喷动塔内蒸发特性的数值模拟与实验研究

分析了描述喷动塔内气液流动、雾化、蒸发、碰壁的数学模型,运用上述模型模拟脱硫塔内蒸发特性,得到了入口介质条件对塔内蒸发特性及液相水含量的影响,通过与实验值比较验证了模型的可靠性。模拟结果表明:液滴蒸发强度呈现先升高后降低趋势,在距离喷嘴300 mm处达到最大值;在一、二级塔体交界处,由于受多级喷动结构影响,液滴蒸发速率明显升高;液滴截面质量流率沿塔体轴向逐渐降低,在1 500 m处基本蒸发完毕;蒸发强度与喷嘴雾化压力呈非单调关系,烟气温度和含湿量对一级塔内液态水含量有3倍~5倍的影响;数值模拟结果与实验值基本一致,可以作为研究塔内液滴蒸发特性的有效工具。     

多酚原位固化茶渣对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附

通过甲醛与茶渣中多酚类组分的反应制备了多酚原位固化茶渣吸附材料,并将其用于对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附。表征结果显示：茶渣多酚的原位固化提高了其热稳定性,同时对茶渣粒料起到了修补增强作用。固化茶渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附量随溶液pH的减小而增大。在吸附温度303 K、初始Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度60 mg/L、吸附剂投加量1.0 g/L、吸附时间300 min、溶液pH为2的条件下,固化茶渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附量为56.56 mg/g,去除率达94.3%。固化茶渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程,吸附是一个自发的、吸热过程,303,318,333 K下的Langmuir饱和吸附量分别为83.26,107.64,129.20 mg/g。     

络合铁法脱除垃圾填埋气中的H2S

建立了以EDTA和柠檬酸为铁盐络合剂的循环脱硫体系,采用络合铁法对垃圾填埋气中的H₂S进行脱硫中试实验,结果表明实验所建立的络合铁脱硫体系运行稳定,脱硫效率高,适合应用于垃圾填埋气中硫化氢脱除。     

由硫酸亚铁（绿矾）制取还原铁粉的工艺研究

提出了一种新的绿矾综合利用的途径,即绿矾经碳酸盐转化,然后采用无烟煤作还原剂,CaCO3为添加剂,进行高温还原焙烧制取还原铁粉.先将绿矾用水溶解,用理论量1.2倍的（NH4）2CO3将FeSO4转化为FeCO3,FeCO3焙烧的最佳条件是FeCO3∶无烟煤∶CaCO3为100∶60∶8,焙烧温度为1000℃,焙烧时间为4.5 h.粗还原铁粉化学成分除C含量较高外,符合国家有关标准,900℃左右经氢气精还原1 h所得精还原铁粉化学成分的各项指标,均达到或优于国家有关标准的要求.     

Biodegradation of waste refrigerator polyurethane by mealworms

● Waste refrigerator polyurethane (WRPU) was ingested and biodegraded by mealworms. ● The carbon in WRPU-based frass was lower than that in WRPU. ● Urethane groups in WRPU were broken down after ingestion by mealworms. ● Thermal stability of WRPU-based frass were deteriorated compared to that of WRPU. ● Gut microbiomes of mealworms fed using WRPU were distinct from that fed using bran. Refrigerator insulation replacement results in discarding a large amount of waste refrigerator polyurethane (WRPU). Insect larvae like mealworms have been used to biodegrade pristine plastics. However, knowledge about mealworms degrading WRPU is scarce. This study presents an in-depth investigation of the degradation of WRPU by mealworms using the micro-morphology, composition, and functional groups of WRPU and the egested frass characteristics. It was found that the WRPU debris in frass was scoured, implying that WRPU was ingested and degraded by mealworms. The carbon content of WRPU-based frass was lower than that of WRPU, indicating that mealworms utilized WRPU as a carbon source. The urethane groups in WRPU were broken, and benzene rings’ C=C and C–H bonds in the isocyanate disappeared after being ingested by mealworms. Thermal gravimetric-differential thermal gravimetry analysis showed that the weight loss temperature of WRPU-based frass was 300 °C lower than that of WRPU, indicating that the thermal stability of WRPU deteriorated after being ingested. The carbon balance analysis confirmed that carbon in the ingested WRPU released as CO₂ increased from 18.84 % to 29.80 %, suggesting that WRPU was partially mineralized. The carbon in the mealworm biomass ingesting WRPU decreased. The possible reason is that WRPU does not supply sufficient nutrients for mealworm growth, and the impurities and odor present in WRPU affect the appetite of the mealworms. The microbial community analysis indicated that WRPU exerts a considerable effect on the gut microorganism of mealworms. These findings confirm that mealworms degrade WRPU.     

Real-time location algorithms of drinking water pollution sources based on domain knowledge

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The real-time location of pollution sources is the process of inverting pollution sources based on the dynamic optimization model constructed by the...     

Evaluation of three common alkaline agents for immobilization of multi-metals in a field-contaminated acidic soil

We investigated three common alkaline agents (NaOH, CaO, and Mg(OH)₂) for immobilization of four heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) in a field-contaminated soil and elucidated the underpinning principles. NaOH caused the highest pH spike in the soil, while CaO and Mg(OH)₂ served as a longer-lasting source of OH^-. Amending the soil with CaO or Mg(OH)₂ at ≥0.1 mol as OH^- (kg·soil)^?1 for 24 h was able to immobilize all four metals, while NaOH failed. NaOH leached up to 3 times more organic carbon than CaO and Mg(OH)₂, resulting in elevated leachability of the metals. Column elution tests showed that amendments by CaO and Mg(OH)₂ lowered the leachable Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Cd²⁺ by 52–54%, 71–75%, 69–73%, and 68%, respectively, after 1440 pore volumes of elution. Sequential extraction revealed that the soil amendments converted the exchangeable fraction of the metals to the much less available forms. XRD and FTIR analyses indicated that formation of metal oxide precipitates and complexation with soil organic matter were responsible for the metals immobilization. Taken together the chemical cost, technical effectiveness, and environmental impact, CaO is the most suitable alkaline agent for remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals.

     

Association of selenium,arsenic, and other trace elements in drinking water and urine in residents of the plateau region in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Drinking water is considered to be an important exposure pathway for humans to ingest trace elements; human urine samples are widely accepted...