联合工艺复垦在矿山地质环境保护与治理恢复中的应用

随着矿产资源开发的加剧,矿山环境日益恶化,对矿山企业及周边村民造成严重影响。联合工艺复垦可有效控制及减轻矿山环境带来的影响,及时恢复生态环境及矿区土地复垦,可取得良好的复垦经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。     

应用改进分光光度法测定多组分水样的COD

提出改进分光光度法测定多组分水样的化学需氧量(COD)。以多种物质的吸光曲线回归方程,将实时测得的水样吸光度分解成多种物质的吸光度,利用多元一次方程进行求解并计算出COD的方法。新方法对含邻苯二甲酸氢钾和丙烯酰胺水样测量的COD,误差平均值为+5.0%,对更多组分的水样测量紫外吸光度误差较大,通过引入修正系数修正后误差大幅下降,10次测量的变异系数约0.5%,精密度较好。通过分析新方法实际运用时存在的优劣之处,提出综合高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)来弥补其测量上不足的新型废水监测模式,以实现监测的快速测量、低耗能、低污染和实时性。     

微生物菌剂和鸡粪对蔬菜废弃物堆肥化处理的影响

由于我国缺乏适用的蔬菜废物循环利用技术,致使蔬菜产地的生产废物难以处理与再循环利用而被弃置。为获得适用的蔬菜废物堆肥化处理技术,本研究以小麦秸秆为水分调理剂,并分别以鸡粪和微生物菌剂为接种剂,在初始物料含水率65%和C/N为25的条件下,设置了V1(蔬菜残体+小麦秸秆)、V2(V1+鸡粪)、V3(V2+微生物菌剂)和V4(V1+微生物菌剂)等4个处理,通过测定4个不同堆肥处理对温度、含水率、C/N比以及发芽指数(GI)等指标的影响。结果表明:同时加入微生物菌剂和鸡粪的处理(V3)可使堆肥最高温度达到67.5℃,且水分脱除效果最好,最终产品的含水率是最低的;鸡粪也是较好的接种剂,提升堆肥温度且能缩短堆肥周期;发芽率指数(GI)的结果显示,4个处理之间的堆肥腐熟成度为V3>V4>V2>V1,这进一步表明,添加微生物菌剂和鸡粪可降低堆肥产品对后茬植物发芽和生长的不良抑制。     

汽车尾气微粒过滤器喷油助燃再生控制策略研究

微粒过滤器(DPF)已成为当前柴油机汽车尾气微粒排放控制技术的研究热点,以其喷油助燃再生方式为例,对再生控制问题进行有益探索。基于排气背压法判断DPF再生时机,阐述其再生控制原理。设计装有DPF及其喷油助燃再生装置的发动机实验台架,实时采集油耗与DPF背压数据,利用MATLAB建立DPF再生排气背压MAP。随机选取发动...     

催化型微粒捕集器的再生与压降数值研究

采用新的再生机理对催化型微粒捕集器（CPF）深床捕集微粒的氧化再生过程进行了建模,并将微粒捕集器中的压降分成5个部分分别计算,对其压降特性进行了数值研究。结果表明,新模型对深床捕集微粒的氧化再生计算与实验值吻合良好,比原模型更能反映微粒沉积的实际过程,深床捕集微粒的压降计算值也更精确。在排气流量大、温度高的工况下,深床捕集微粒的压降先迅速增大再减小的现象明显。研究结果能为工程应用提供验证手段,为CPF的优化设计提供依据。     

A laboratory study on risk assessment of microcystin-RR in cropland

The persistence time and risk of microcystin-RR (MC-RR) in cropland via irrigation were investigated under laboratory conditions. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the potential adsorption and biodegradation of MC-RR in cropland and the persistence time of MC-RR for crop irrigation, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the amount of MC-RR in solutions. Our study indicated that MC-RR could be adsorbed and biodegraded in cropland soils. MC-RR at 6.5mg/L could be completely degraded within 6 days with a lag phase of 1-2 days. In the presence of humic acid, the same amount of MC-RR could be degraded within 4 days without a lag phase. Accordingly, the persistence time of MC-RR in cropland soils should be about 6 days. This result also suggested the beneficial effects of the organic fertilizer utilization for the biodegradation of MC-RR in cropland soils. Our studies also demonstrated that MC-RR at low concentration (<10microg/L) could accelerate the growth of plants, while high concentration of MC-RR (>100microg/L) significantly inhibited the growth of plants. High sensitivity of the sprouting stage plants to MC-RR treatments as well as the strong inhibitory effects resulting from prolonged irrigation further indicated that this MC-RR growth-inhibition may vary with the duration of irrigation and life stage of the plants.     

生物滴滤塔处理模拟印刷有机废气

选取甲苯、乙酸乙酯为目标污染物模拟印刷有机废气,采用生物滴滤塔对其进行处理。从某污水处理厂曝气池活性污泥中筛选出3株能够高效降解甲苯、乙酸乙酯的优势菌种,经鉴定分别为枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、蜡状芽胞杆菌（Bacillus cereus）和嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonas maltophilia）。实验结果表明：增大乙酸乙酯配比对VOCs去除率影响不大,而增大甲苯配比导致VOCs去除率下降明显;在进气VOCs质量浓度为约800 mg/m³（甲苯与乙酸乙酯的体积比1∶1）、气体空床接触时间为300 s、菌液喷淋量为800 L/h、菌液温度为25 ℃的条件下,VOCs去除率可达约99%。生物滴滤塔运行一段时间后,对菌种进行再鉴定,结果与处理前一致。     

Multiobjective optimization model of intersection signal timing considering emissions based on field data: A case study of Beijing

Most existing signal timing models are aimed to minimize the total delay and stops at intersections, without considering environmental factors. This paper analyzes the trade-off between vehicle emissions and traffic efficiencies on the basis of field data. First, considering the different operating modes of cruising, acceleration, deceleration, and idling, field data of emissions and Global Positioning System (GPS) are collected to estimate emission rates for heavy-duty and light-duty vehicles. Second, multiobjective signal timing optimization model is established based on a genetic algorithm to minimize delay, stops, and emissions. Finally, a case study is conducted in Beijing. Nine scenarios are designed considering different weights of emission and traffic efficiency. The results compared with those using Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2010 show that signal timing optimized by the model proposed in this paper can decrease vehicles delay and emissions more significantly. The optimization model can be applied in different cities, which provides supports for eco-signal design and development.

Implications: Vehicle emissions are heavily at signal intersections in urban area. The multiobjective signal timing optimization model is proposed considering the trade-off between vehicle emissions and traffic efficiencies on the basis of field data. The results indicate that signal timing optimized by the model proposed in this paper can decrease vehicle emissions and delays more significantly. The optimization model can be applied in different cities, which provides supports for eco-signal design and development.     

Estimation of chlorophyll a content in inland turbidity waters using WorldView-2 imagery: a case study of the Guanting Reservoir,Beijing, China

Complex optical properties, such as non-pigment suspension and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), make it difficult to achieve accurate estimations of remotely sensed chlorophyll a (Chla) content of inland turbidity. Recent attempts have been made to estimate Chla based on red and near-infrared regions where non-pigment suspension and CDOM have little effect on water reflectance. The objective of this study is to validate the applicability of WV-2 imagery with existing effective estimation methods from MERIS when estimating Chla content in inland turbidity waters. The correlation analysis of measured Chla content and WV-2 imagery bands shows that the Chla sensitive bands of WV-2 are red edge, NIR 1, and NIR 2. The coastal band is designed for seawater Chla detection. However, the high correlation with turbidity data and low correlation with Chla made coastal band unsuitable for estimating Chla in inland waters. The high-resolution water body images were extracted by combining the spectral products (NDWI) with the spatial morphological products (sobel edge detection). The estimation results show that the accuracy of the single band and NDCI is not as good as the two-band method, three-band method, stepwise regression algorithm (SRA) and support vector machines (SVM). The SVM estimation accuracy was the highest with an R², RMSE, and URMSE of 0.8387, 0.4714, and 19.11%, respectively. This study demonstrates that the two-band and three-band methods are effective for estimating Chla in inland water for WV-2 imagery. As a high-precision estimation method, SVM has great potential for inland turbidity water Chla estimation.     

高效复合型亚铁络合剂同时脱硫脱硝

采用自制喷淋塔进行湿法同时脱硫脱硝实验,在乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)络合亚铁吸收液及半胱氨酸络合亚铁吸收液的基础上,研制出复合吸收液。实验结果表明:对于单一络合物吸收液,EDTA络合亚铁吸收液的脱硝效果较好,可在70 min内保持60%以上的NO脱除率,而半胱氨酸络合亚铁吸收液则可长时间保持较好的脱硫效果,可在180 min内保持90%以上的SO_2脱除率;复合吸收液的脱硫脱硝性能较单一络合物吸收液有明显提高,在络合物浓度为0.05 mol/L、吸收液pH为8、EDTA与半胱氨酸的摩尔比为1∶2、Fe~(2+)浓度为0.075 mol/L的优化条件下,90 min内的NO脱除率基本保持在70%以上,SO_2脱除率基本达到100%。