渤海湾天津近岸海域化学需氧量的分布特征、影响因素及与富营养化的关系

本文根据2014年春季（5月）、夏季（8月）、秋季（10月）天津近岸海域18个站位的海水质量监测数据,分析了海水中化学需氧量（Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD）的时空分布特征和海域富营养化状况,研究了COD与营养状态质量指数（NQI）的关系,浅析了赤潮生消过程中COD浓度的变化。结果表明,夏季COD高于春季和秋季,季节性差异显著;COD基本呈现近岸高外海低、南部高北部低的趋势;NQI指数的变化范围为1.68~12.50,平均值为4.46,富营养化严重;COD与NQI指数具有显著正相关性,一定程度上可以反映海域富营养化状况;COD与赤潮生物密度、Chl a呈极显著正相关关系,在反映赤潮生消过程中有重要作用。     

下沙空气中可吸入颗粒物污染特征分析

通过对PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的浓度特征分析,探讨下沙空气中可吸入颗粒物污染特征。根据2013~2015年下沙空气连续自动监测数据,对浓度变化特征分析发现,PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的季节变化明显,冬季最高,夏季最低。PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)的月均浓度存在线性回归关系,回归方程为y=1.0759x+0.02532,相关系数方值为0.857。PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)的浓度比值P主要集中在0.5~0.8之间。     

Identification of rice cultivars with low brown rice mixed cadmium and lead contents and their interactions with the micronutrients iron, zinc, nickel and manganese

Paddy fields in mining areas are usually co-contaminated by a cocktail of mixed toxic heavy metals (e.g., Cd and Pb in Pb/Zn mines). However, previous studies on rice cultivars screened for effective metal exclusion have mostly focused on individual metals, and have been conducted under pot-trial or hydroponic solution conditions. This study identified rice cultivars with both low Cd and Pb accumulation under Cd-and Pb-contaminated field conditions, and the interactions of the toxic elements Cd and Pb with the micronutrient elements Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni were also studied. Among 32 rice cultivars tested, there were significant differences in Cd (0.06-0.59 mg/kg) and Pb (0.25-3.15 mg/kg) levels in their brown rice, and similar results were also found for the micronutrient elements. Significant decreases in concentrations of Fe and Mn were detected with increasing Cd concentrations and a significant elevation in Fe, Mn and Ni with increasing Pb concentrations. A similar result was also shown by Cd and Ni. Three cultivars were identified with a combination of low brown rice Cd and Pb, high micronutrient and grain yield (Wufengyou 2168, Tianyou 196 and Guinongzhan). Present results suggest that it is possible to breed rice cultivars with low mixed toxic element (Cd, Pb) and high micronutrient contents along with high grain yields, thus ensuring food safety and quality.     

Co对腈纶废水厌氧处理效果的影响

利用厌氧反应装置,以腈纶废水为处理对象,通过2组试验,对比了微量金属(Co)投加前后废水中有机物降解情况、累积产气量、三维荧光光谱图以及微生物生长情况,研究了微量Co对腈纶废水厌氧处理效果的影响.结果表明:当Co的投加浓度〔以ρ(CoCl2)计〕为1.0 mg/L时,CODCr去除率达71.7%,累积产气量达到22.5 mL;当Co的投加浓度超过10 mg/L时,CODCr去除率为20%左右,累积产气量8.5 mL,未投加Co元素的空白对照组CODCr去除率为43.1%,累积产气量为10 mL.显示微量Co对腈纶废水厌氧生物降解具有一定的促进作用.      

Surface clogging process modeling of suspended solids during urban stormwater aquifer recharge

Aquifer recharge,which uses urban stormwater,is an effective technique to control the negative effects of groundwater overexploitation,while clogging problems in infiltration systems remain the key restricting factor in broadening its practice.Quantitative understanding of the clogging process is still very poor.A laboratory study was conducted to understand surface physical clogging processes,with the primary aim of developing a model for predicting suspended solid clogging processes before aquifer recharge projects start.The experiments investigated the clogging characteristics of different suspended solid sizes in recharge water by using a series of one-dimensional fine quartz sand columns.The results showed that the smaller the suspended particles in recharge water,the farther the distance of movement and the larger the scope of clogging in porous media.Clogging extents in fine sand were 1 cm,for suspended particle size ranging from 0.075 to 0.0385 mm,and 2 cm,for particles less than 0.0385 mm.In addition,clogging development occurred more rapidly for smaller suspended solid particles.It took 48,42,and 36 hr respectively,for large-,medium-,and small-sized particles to reach pre-determined clogging standards.An empirical formula and iteration model for the surface clogging evolution process were derived.The verification results obtained from stormwater recharge into fine sand demonstrated that the model could reflect the real laws of the surface clogging process.     

全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM3)Ⅱ:模型校验

以采用AAO污水处理工艺的德清县狮山污水处理厂作为全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM3)校验的现场试验基地,分别进行了常规水质指标测定和进水水质特征分析等试验研究,依据现场试验结果,完成了对活性污泥系统生物去除营养物质细观机理模型FCASM3的校验工作,动态校验结果表明,FCASM3模型可以对AAO连续流工艺系统实现较准确的细观模拟,营养物质生物去除过程的动态数值模拟结果与实测结果相一致.     

曝气强度对膜生物反应器污泥混合液可滤性的影响

主要研究了曝气强度对膜生物反应器(MBR)膜污染的影响.2套MBR采用恒流出水模式连续运行60 d,曝气强度分别为500及100 L/h,应用死端过滤装置来检测不同阶段污泥混合液的可滤性.实验中对不同曝气强度下的溶解性微生物代谢产物(SMP)分子质量分布、颗粒粒径分布、胞外聚合物(EPS)含量进行了测定.结果表明,过高的曝气强度将恶化污泥混合液的可滤性,增加了膜污染速率.进一步研究表明,曝气强度的增加导致了污泥混合液上清液中相对分子质量>10000的SMP浓度的增加,此部分大分子有机物浓度直接影响了污泥混合液的可滤性.过高的曝气强度也导致了污泥絮体中1～10μm细小颗粒和EPS含量的增加.     

Shinella zoogloeoides BC026对吡啶的降解特性研究

从首钢焦化厂的污水处理系统中分离1株能以吡啶为唯一碳、氮源的细菌BC026,它具有自絮凝特性,对卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素和壮观霉素具有抗性,可在阿须贝无氮培养基中良好生长.通过16S rRNA序列分析和Biolog微生物鉴定系统鉴定,确定该菌为Shinella zoogloeoides.纯菌对单基质的降解实验表明,在30℃、180 r/min和pH为7的条件下,当投菌量为0.1 g/L时,BC026可在17 h内将400 mg/L吡啶完全降解;在吡啶初始浓度为99～1 806 mg/L的无机盐培养基中,BC026均能保持降解活性,较高初始浓度的吡啶对BC026的生长产生一定抑制,但BC026在适应后对吡啶的降解速率较快;降解最适温度为30～35℃,最适pH为8.BC026对吡啶的代谢途径研究表明：降解的第一步是断开吡啶的2条C—N链,生成氨氮和戊二醛,随后戊二醛被氧化为戊二酸,并最终转化为二氧化碳和水;吡啶中的氮有59.5%转化成氨氮.     

县域农用地生态价值评估研究 ——以玉山县为例

针对当前农用地估价工作中存在的重社会经济价值评价,轻生态价值评价,长期缺乏农用地价值的完整认识,直接导致农用地被低价转为建设用地的问题,本研究将采用农用地生态价值估价新方法——吸碳制氧法来测算玉山县农用地生态价值,并与玉山县各乡镇农用地经济价值比较分析,以说明农用地生态价值评估在农用地估价工作中的重要性.研究结果表明,农用地生态价值的评估可以用于指导农用地外部合理流转,有利于农用地的保护,同时,对退耕还林、退田还湖也具有一定的指导意义,因此农用地生态价值评估是非常必要的.     

玉米光谱小波奇异熵的铜污染监测研究

不同浓度铜离子(Cu2+)胁迫梯度下的玉米叶片光谱存在细微差异,但传统的光谱相似性测度方法难以区分健康的与受污染的玉米叶片光谱间的变异信息.为此,本文结合小波变换和奇异熵理论,构建小波奇异熵(Wavelet Singular Entropy,WSE)方法用于Cu2+胁迫下的玉米污染程度分析与污染监测.通过设置不同浓度Cu2+胁迫梯度下的玉米盆栽实验,依据玉米叶片的光谱测量数据和所测定的叶片中Cu2+含量,并与绿峰高度(Green-peak Height,GH)和红谷吸收深度(Red-valley Depth,RD)光谱特征参数法污染监测应用结果进行对比分析,研究WSE方法的Cu2+污染监测效果.结果表明,WSE值与Cu2+胁迫梯度、玉米叶片中Cu2+含量呈显著正相关,WSE值大小能够较好地表征叶片光谱的污染信息奇异性及其污染程度.