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61.
Marek Roszko Marta Kamińska Krystyna Szymczyk Katarzyna Piasecka – Jóźwiak Beata Chabłowska 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):692-706
ABSTRACTPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known to show endocrine disrupting (ED) activity, including interactions with hormone receptors. The aim of this work was to develop a bioassay applicable for evaluation of ED potency of highly lipophilic metabolites of POPs. To that end, a yeast-based bio-assay protocol was used. Estrogenic / androgenic activity of some native brominated biphenyl ethers (BDEs) / chlorinated biphenyls (CBs), and their hydroxylated / methoxylated metabolites was assessed. Since data (including potency compared to reference native hormones) obtained using different protocols vary, the possibility that yeast transforms POPs into some more potent compounds was first checked; it seems that no such transformation is important from the test applicability standpoint. The developed method was sensitive with EC50 values 6.5*10?11 M and 4.5*10?9 M calculated for E2 and DHT, respectively. Both CBs and BDEs show weak estrogenic activity negatively correlated with the degree of their halogenation, but their metabolites are significantly more potent xenohormones. 4-OH-2,2′,4′,6′-TeCB was the most potent estrogen receptor (ER) agonist among all tested compounds; its activity was only 1,000 times lower than that of native E2. 相似文献
62.
Estimating Evapotranspiration for Dryland Cropping Systems in the Semiarid Texas High Plains Using SWAT 下载免费PDF全文
Gary W. Marek Prasanna H. Gowda Steven R. Evett R. Louis Baumhardt David K. Brauer Terry A. Howell Thomas H. Marek R. Srinivasan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(2):298-314
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is one of the most widely used watershed models for simulating hydrology in response to agricultural management practices. However, limited studies have been performed to evaluate the SWAT model's ability to estimate daily and monthly evapotranspiration (ET) in semiarid regions. ET values were simulated using ArcSWAT 2012 for a lysimeter field managed under dryland conditions at the USDA‐ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory at Bushland, Texas, and compared with measured lysimeter values from 2000 to 2010. Two scenarios were performed to compare SWAT's performance: (1) use of default plant leaf area index (LAI) values in the embedded plant database and (2) adjusted LAI values. Scenario 1 resulted in an “unsatisfactory” Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.42 and 0.38 for the calibration and validation periods, respectively. Scenario 2 resulted in a “satisfactory” NSE value for the calibration period while achieving a “good” NSE of 0.70 for the validation period. SWAT generally underestimated ET at both the daily and monthly levels. Overestimation during fallow years may be due to the limitations of the pothole function used to simulate furrow diking. Users should be aware of potential errors associated with using default LAI parameters. Inaccuracies in ET estimation may also stem from errors in the plant stress functions, particularly when evaluating water management practices for dryland watersheds. 相似文献
63.
Mleczek Mirosław Magdziak Zuzanna Gąsecka Monika Niedzielski Przemysław Kalač Pavel Siwulski Marek Rzymski Piotr Zalicka Sylwia Sobieralski Krzysztof 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(20):20609-20618
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of the study was to (i) investigate the potential of edible mushroom Boletus badius (Fr.) Fr. to accumulate 53 elements from unpolluted acidic... 相似文献
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Jakubowski M 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(2):348-352
Assessment of environmental and occupational exposure to chemicals can be performed with environmental monitoring (EM) and biological monitoring (BM). Biological monitoring was for a long time considered as a method complementary to environmental monitoring. At present this attitude is changing and in certain areas biological monitoring is applied as the method of choice for exposure and health-risk assessment. This paper examines advantages and disadvantages of those two approaches. In occupational settings environmental monitoring of exposure to VOCs seems to be superior to biological monitoring (possibility of simultaneous determination of components of mixtures, simple interpretation, possibility of evaluation of short-term exposure to local irritants). In the case of this group of compounds BM can be useful in selected cases such as evaluation of dermal absorption or efficiency of protective measures. In the case of metals both forms of monitoring can be used depending on the available methods for interpretation of results. BM of exposure may be considered as superior for evaluating the effects of exposure to lead, cadmium and mercury. However, quantitative evaluation of cancer risk after exposure to arsenic or chromium is possible only on the basis of determination in the air and the use of unit risk values. Both environmental and biological monitoring are useful for evaluation of occupational and environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In certain areas such as evaluation of exposure to external tobacco smoking, cytostatic drugs, and pesticides, biological monitoring is the method of choice used for individual exposure assessment or tracing the trends of environmental exposure. 相似文献
66.
Krywult M Smykla J Kinnunen H Martz F Sutinen ML Lakkala K Turunen M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1105-1111
Needles of 20-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) saplings were studied in an ultraviolet (UV) exclusion field experiment (from 2000 to 2002) in northern Finland (67 °N). The chambers held filters that excluded both UV-B and UV-A, excluded UV-B only, transmitted all UV (control), or lacked filters (ambient). UV-B/UV-A exclusion decreased nitrate reductase (NR) activity of 1-year-old needles of Scots pines compared to the controls. The proportion of free amino acids varied in the range 1.08-1.94% of total proteins, and was significantly higher in needles of saplings grown under UV-B/UV-A exclusion compared to the controls or UV-B exclusion. NR activity correlated with air temperature, indicating a “chamber effect”. The study showed that both UV irradiance and increasing temperature are significant modulators of nitrogen (N) metabolism in Scots pine needles. 相似文献
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69.
Studies of the effect of simulated acid rain on the ecological equilibrium of the soil system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zofia Fischer Marek Angiel Piotr Bieńkowski Andrzej DowgiaŁŁo Urszula Focht 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1996,41(1):1-65
Introduction to the problem of environmental pollution caused by acid depositions. Presentation of principles of the six-year field experiment with simulated acid rain. Short characteristics of particular parts of the series of papers. 相似文献
70.
Robert Bogucki Marek Cygan Christin Brangwynne Khan Maciej Klimek Jan Kanty Milczek Marcin Mucha 《Conservation biology》2019,33(3):676-684
Photo identification is an important tool for estimating abundance and monitoring population trends over time. However, manually matching photographs to known individuals is time-consuming. Motivated by recent developments in image recognition, we hosted a data science challenge on the crowdsourcing platform Kaggle to automate the identification of endangered North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). The winning solution automatically identified individual whales with 87% accuracy with a series of convolutional neural networks to identify the region of interest on an image, rotate, crop, and create standardized photographs of uniform size and orientation and then identify the correct individual whale from these passport-like photographs. Recent advances in deep learning coupled with this fully automated workflow have yielded impressive results and have the potential to revolutionize traditional methods for the collection of data on the abundance and distribution of wild populations. Presenting these results to a broad audience should further bridge the gap between the data science and conservation science communities. 相似文献