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排序方式: 共有181条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
111.
Darpa Saurav Jyethi P. S. Khillare Sayantan Sarkar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):366-378
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with the inhalable fraction of particulate matter were determined for 1 year (2009–2010) at a school site located in proximity of industrial and heavy traffic roads in Delhi, India. PM10 (aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm) levels were ~11.6 times the World Health Organization standard. Vehicular (59.5 %) and coal combustion (40.5 %) sources accounted for the high levels of PAHs (range 38.1–217.3 ng m?3) with four- and five-ring PAHs having ~80 % contribution. Total PAHs were dominated by carcinogenic species (~75 %) and B[a]P equivalent concentrations indicated highest exposure risks during winter. Extremely high daily inhalation exposure of PAHs was observed during winter (439.43 ng day?1) followed by monsoon (232.59 ng day?1) and summer (171.08 ng day?1). Daily inhalation exposure of PAHs to school children during a day exhibited the trend school hours?>?commuting to school?>?resting period in all the seasons. Vehicular source contributions to daily PAH levels were significantly correlated (r?=?0.94, p?<?0.001) with the daily inhalation exposure level of school children. A conservative estimate of ~11 excess cancer cases in children during childhood due to inhalation exposure of PAHs has been made for Delhi. 相似文献
112.
Sarkar D Makris KC Vandanapu V Datta R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,146(2):414-419
Use of Fe/Al hydroxide-containing materials to remediate As-contaminated sites is based on the general notion that As adsorption in soils is primarily controlled by Fe/Al (hydr)oxides. A low-cost and potentially effective substitute for natural Fe/Al hydroxides could be the drinking-water treatment residuals (WTRs). Earlier work in our laboratory has shown that WTRs are effective sorbents for As in water. We hypothesized that land-applied WTRs would work equally well for As-contaminated soils. Results showed that WTRs significantly (p<0.001) increased the soil As sorption capacity. All WTR loads (2.5, 5, and 10%) significantly (p<0.001) increased the overall amount of As sorbed by both soils when compared with that of the unamended controls. The amount of As desorbed with phosphate (7500 mg kg(-1) load) was approximately 50%. The WTR effectiveness in increasing soil As sorption capacities was unaffected by differences in both soils' chemical properties. 相似文献
113.
Khanna DR Sarkar P Gautam A Bhutiani R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,134(1-3):153-160
Various studies have been conducted in the past on the fresh waters related to the various aspects of limnology, physico-chemistry,
primary productivity, plankton etc. in relation to environmental conditions and ecology, flora and fauna of River Ganga. In
the present investigation some recent approach have been made to study the various parts of fishes like gill structures, scales
for age determination, length and weight of fish for growth assessments etc. The SEM study of scales in relation to pollution
and environmental conditions is a recent approach. At this stage, in the present study the scales of two most common fishes
found in the study stretch were involved to create a base line. 相似文献
114.
Wazir Singh Lakra Uttam Kumar Sarkar Rupali Sani Kumar Ajay Pandey Vineet Kumar Dubey Om Prakash Gusain 《The Environmentalist》2010,30(4):306-319
In the present communication habitat ecology, species diversity; distribution and different indices of fish biodiversity management
were studied in a Central India river (River Betwa, a tributary of River Ganga basin approved under India’s first river linking
plan). Correlation between fish species richness with the hydrological attributes showed good relationship and water depth,
dissolved oxygen and pH were found the most important variables in shaping fish assemblage. Altogether, sixty-three fish species
belonging to 20 families and 45 genera were collected from five sampling stations spread along the upstream, mid stream and
lower streams. Cyprinids were the most dominated group represented by 26 species belonging to 15 genera, followed by Bagridae
(6 species from 3 genera), and Schilbeidae (4 species from 4 genera). The distribution of fish showed interesting pattern
and about 10% species were common to all the sites showing long migration range. Shannon-Weiner diversity index showed considerable
variation and ranged from 1.89 to 3.51. Out of 63 species status of 10 species were not known due to data deficit, 29 categorized
as lower risk, 14 as vulnerable, 8 as endangered, while the remaining two species were introduced. Our study shows that the
River supports considerable diversity of the fishes and is important for conservation and about 34% fish fauna is threatened
being either vulnerable or endangered. We assessed that the river supports considerable percentage of food fish (89.47), ornamental
fish (49.12%) and sport fish (5.26%). Among the eight major types of fish habitats identified along the entire stretch of
river, open river, shallow water and deep pools were habitats contributing maximum diversity. Fish species richness (FSR)
were significantly different (P < 0.05) in all the habitats except channel confluence and scour pool. Trophic niche model may be useful for assessing altered
as well as less altered fish habitat of the tropical rivers. Since this river will be interlinked in near future, this study
would be useful for conservation planning and management and also for future assessment after interlinking. Issues related
to various threats to aquatic environment and conservation management strategies have been discussed. 相似文献
115.
Makris KC Salazar J Quazi S Andra SS Sarkar D Bach SB Datta R 《Journal of environmental quality》2008,37(3):963-971
A growing body of literature reports 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (roxarsone) degradation in poultry litter (PL) to the more toxic inorganic arsenic (As). Aluminum-based drinking-water treatment residuals (WTR) present a low-cost amendment technology to reduce As availability in PL, similar to the use of alum to reduce phosphorus availability. Batch experiments investigated the effectiveness of WTR in removing roxarsone and inorganic As species from PL aqueous suspensions. Incubation experiments with WTR-amended PL evaluated the effects of WTR application rates (2.5-15% by weight) and incubation time (up to 32 d) at two incubation temperatures (23 and 35 degrees C) on As availability in PL. Batch PL aqueous experiments showed the high affinity of As(V), As(III), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and roxarsone for the WTR. The 10% WTR amendment rate decreased As availability in PL by half of that of the unamended (no WTR) PL-incubated samples. The reduction in dissolved As concentrations during incubation of WTR-amended PL samples was kinetically limited, being complete within 13 d. Parallel reductions in roxarsone, As(V), and DMA concentrations were observed with liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, whereas As(III) and MMA concentrations were always <5% of dissolved As. Incubation temperature did not significantly (p > 0.05) influence dissolved As concentrations in the WTR-amended PL. Potential formation of a copper-containing roxarsone metabolite was considered in PL aqueous suspensions with the aid of electrospray mass spectrometry. Further experiments in the field are necessary to ensure that sorbed As is stable in WTR-amended PL. 相似文献
116.
Avijit Ghosh Sukanya Misra Ranjan Bhattacharyya Abhijit Sarkar Amit Kumar Singh Vikas Chandra Tyagi Ram Vinod Kumar Vijay Singh Meena 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10160-10184
Rising global population would force farmers to amplify food production substantially in upcoming 3–4 decades. The easiest way to increase grain production is through expanding cropping area by clearing uncultivated land. This is attained by permitting deadly loss of carbon (C) stocks, jeopardizing ecosystem biodiversity and deteriorating environmental quality. We aim to propose key agronomical tactics, livestock management strategy and advance approaches for aquaculture to increase productivity and simultaneously reduce the environmental impacts of farming sector. For this, we considered three major sectors of farming, i.e. agriculture, fishery and dairy. We collected literatures stating approaches or technologies that could reduce GHG emission from these sectors. Thereafter, we synthesized strategies or options that are more feasible and accessible for inclusion in farm sector to reduce GHG emission. Having comprehensively reviewed several publications, we propose potential strategies to reduce GHG emission. Agronomic practices like crop diversification, reducing summer fallow, soil organic carbon sequestration, tillage and crop residue management and inclusion of N2-fixing pulses in crop rotations are some of those. Livestock management through changing animals’ diets, optimal use of the gas produced from manures, frequent and complete manure removal from animal housing and aquaculture management strategies to improve fish health and improve feed conversion efficiency could reduce their GHG emission footprint too. Adapting of effective and economic practices GHG emission footprint reduction potential of farming sector could make farming sector a C neutral enterprise. To overcome the ecological, technological and institutional barriers, policy on trade, tax, grazing practice and GHG pricing should be implemented properly. 相似文献
117.
Vithanage Meththika Seneviratne Mihiri Ahmad Mahtab Sarkar Binoy Ok Yong Sik 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(1):569-569
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Unfortunately, in the original publication of the article, Prof. Yong Sik Ok’s affiliation was incorrectly published. The author’s affiliation is... 相似文献
118.
Chinmay Mallik Dipanjan Ghosh Debreka Ghosh Ujjaini Sarkar Shyam Lal S. Venkataramani 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(14):8692-8706
The Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) has received extensive attention of the global scientific community due to higher levels of trace gases and aerosols over this region. Satellite retrievals and model simulations show that, in particular, the eastern part IGP is highly polluted. Despite this attention, in situ measurements of trace gases are very limited over this region. This paper presents measurements of SO2, CO, CH4, and C2–C5 NMHCs during March 2012–February 2013 over Kolkata, a megacity in the eastern IGP, with a focus on processes impacting their levels. The mean SO2 and C2H6 concentrations during winter and post-monsoon periods were eight and three times higher compared to pre-monsoon and monsoon. Early morning enhancements in SO2 and several NMHCs during winter connote boundary layer effects. Daytime elevations in SO2 during pre-monsoon and monsoon suggest impacts of photo-oxidation. Inter-species correlations and trajectory analysis evince transport of SO2 from regional combustion sources (e.g., coal burning in power plants, industries) along the east of the Indo-Gangetic plain impacting SO2 levels at the site. However, C2H2 to CO ratio over Kolkata, which are comparable to other urban regions in India, show impacts of local biofuel combustions. Further, high levels of C3H8 and C4H10 evince the dominance of LPG/petrochemicals over the study location. The suite of trace gases measured during this study helps to decipher between impacts of local emissions and influence of transport on their levels. 相似文献
119.
Syam S. Andra Dibyendu Sarkar Sumathi K. M. Saminathan Rupali Datta 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,175(1-4):661-676
Lead (Pb)-based paints pose a serious health problem to people living in residential settings constructed prior to 1978. Children are at a greater risk to Pb exposure resulting from hand-to-mouth activity in Pb-contaminated residential soils. For soil Pb, the most environmentally friendly, potentially cheap, and visually unobtrusive in situ technology is phytoremediation. However, the limiting factor in a successful phytoremediation strategy is the availability of Pb for plant uptake. The purpose of this study was to establish a relationship between soil properties and the plant-available/exchangeable Pb fraction in the selected Pb-based paint-contaminated residential sites. We selected 20 such sites from two different locations (San Antonio, Texas and Baltimore, Maryland) with varying soil properties and total soil Pb concentrations ranging between 256 and 4,182 mg kg?1. Despite higher Pb levels in these soils that exceeds US EPA permissible limit of 400 mg kg???1, it is known that the plant-available Pb pools are significantly lower because of their sorption to soil components such as organic matter, Fe?CMn oxides, and clays, and their precipitation in the form of carbonates, hydroxides, and phosphates. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering showed that the potentially plant-available Pb fraction is controlled by soil pH in the case of acidic Baltimore soils, while soil organic matter plays a major role in alkaline San Antonio soils. Statistical models developed suggest that Pb is likely to be more available for plant uptake in Baltimore soils and a chelant-assisted phytoextraction strategy will be potentially necessary for San Antonio soils in mobilizing Pb from complexed pool to the plant-available pool. A thorough knowledge of site-specific factors is therefore essential in developing a suitable and successful phytoremediation model. 相似文献
120.
Akhtar Javed Sana Ahmed Tauseef Syed Mohammed Chellaiah Gajendran Kaliyaperumal Parmeswari Sarkar Humayun Ayyamperumal Ramamoorthy 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(48):72332-72343
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwater resources are highly stressed due to their overuse, especially in the arid region. This study is aimed at discovering potential... 相似文献