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71.
The excess growth of cyanobacteria in semi enclosed water areas caused by eutrophication brings about coagulation inhibition in drinking water treatment processes. In this study, coagulation inhibitor proteins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa, a major cyanobacterium in algal bloom, were acquired by a phage display technique, an aluminum-immobilized affinity chromatography and a protein expression technique using Escherichia coli cells. Two cyanobacterial peptides with a high ratio of metallophilic amino acids were recovered, which were a part of homologues of a thiol oxidase enzyme Ero1p and a trans-acting repressor ArsR. It was also shown that the homologue of ArsR exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the coagulation of kaolin suspension with polyaluminum chloride than the control proteins. This is the first report to identify a cyanobacterial cell component to inhibit coagulation. The compositions of polar amino acids were critical to explain the strength of coagulation inhibition potential. Polar proteins from cyanobacteria could collectively consume coagulants or stabilize clay particles, which would be plausible explanations for causing coagulation inhibition. Meanwhile, results from the kaolin coagulation tests using the control proteins implied that the neutralization of positive charges of coagulant constituents by simple electrostatic interactions might not be the key mechanism on the protein-induced coagulation inhibition. 相似文献
72.
Koji Tokimatsu Rintaro Yamaguchi Masayuki Sato Rieko Yasuoka Masahiro Nishio Kazuhiro Ueta 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(4):703-725
Theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted on the genuine saving (GS) based on neoclassical economic theory to
assess sustainable development (SD). However, only market prices and statistical national accounts have been used in empirical
studies due to limited data availability. The data availability limits to measure GS only in the past and current, causing a wide gap with theoretical results. In this paper, we propose computing GS using an integrated assessment model
(IAM) as connected to the mainframe model of macroeconomy. This enables us to use shadow prices, rather than market prices,
obtained through an IAM, which ensures substantial consistency among variables. An example would be endogenous capital–output
ratio and the rate of TFP. Also, our indicator of GS is more comprehensive in that they now account for various resources,
environmental degradation, and land use. Our simulation results, with a particular focus on GS with population change (GSn)
and with technological change as well (GSnt), show a sustainable future for up to the end of the century thanks to declining
population in the latter half of the century and technological progress, although GS without accounting for population and
technology tend to be negative, driven by, among others, capital depreciation and net primary productivity degraded by land
use. 相似文献
73.
For immobilization technologies to be successful, the use of readily available and cost advantageous amendment is important when the remediation targets vast amounts of contaminated soils. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether the byproduct-synthesized hydroxyapatite can be used as an immobilizing amendment for dissolved Pb from a shooting range soil, and to model the kinetic data collected from dissolution experiments. A soil–solution kinetic experiment was conducted under fixed pH conditions as a function of time. A Pb-contaminated soil was reacted with various hydroxyapatite amendments to determine the dissolution rate and mineral products of soil Pb. Three types of amendments used were pure hydroxyapatite (HA), and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatites synthesized from gypsum waste (CHA), and synthesized from incinerated poultry litter (PHA). The dissolved Pb concentration decreased with the addition of amendments at pH 3–7. Both CHA and PHA were more effective than HA for attenuating Pb dissolution at pH 6 and above. According to the thermodynamic calculation at pH 6, the dissolved Pb concentration for CHA and PHA treatments was predicted to be 66% and 50% lower than that of HA treatment, respectively. A better Pb immobilization effect demonstrated by CHA and PHA resulted in their greater solubility at higher pH, which may promote the formation of chloropyromorphite precipitates. Dissolution kinetics of soil Pb was adequately explained by pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations in acid pH ranges. According to the ion exchange model, an adequate agreement between the experimental data and regression curves was shown in the initial 40 min of the reaction process, but the accuracy of model predictability decreased thereafter. According to kinetic models and dissolution phenomena, CHA and PHA amendments had better Pb sorption capacity with rapid kinetics than pure hydroxyapatite at weak acid to neutral pH. 相似文献
74.
75.
Effect of organic suspended solids and their sedimentation on the surrounding sea area 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fukue M Mulligan CN Sato Y Fujikawa T 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,149(1):70-78
A study of sediment contamination was made in one of the 23 specific designated important ports in Japan, the inner part of which had been used as wood pool. The study focused on the relationship between contaminants and organic matter in terms of ignition loss and the impact of the wood pool on the port area. Organic matter exists in the form of suspended solids and deposits. Sediment samples were taken from the mouths of the rivers feeding into Shimizu Port, from the wood pool and from Shimizu Port. Samples within Shimizu Port showed that as the ignition loss decreased with distance from the wood pool, other properties including the concentrations of trace metals, ignition loss and sulfide content also decreased with the distance. In conclusion, Shimizu Port seems to function as a buffer area between the wood pool and Suruga Bay. 相似文献
76.
Seasonal variation in the atmospheric deposition of inorganic constituents and canopy interactions in a Japanese cedar forest 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sase H Takahashi A Sato M Kobayashi H Nakata M Totsuka T 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(1):1-10
The seasonal changes in throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF) chemistry and the canopy interactions of K+ and N compounds were studied in a Japanese cedar forest near the Sea of Japan. The fluxes of most ions, including non-sea-salt SO4(2-), from TF, SF, and rainfall showed distinct seasonal trends, increasing from autumn to winter, owing to the seasonal west wind, while the fluxes of NH4+ and K+ ions from TF+SF might have a large effect of canopy interactions. The contact angle (CA) of water droplets on leaves decreased with leaf aging, suggesting that surface wettability increases with leaf age. The K+ concentration in TF was negatively correlated with the CA of 1-year-old leaves, while the NH4+ concentration was positively correlated with the CA. The net fluxes of NH4+ and NO3(-) from TF were positively correlated with the CA. The increase in wettability may accelerate leaching of K+ or uptake of NH4+. 相似文献
77.
Attenuation of lead leachability in shooting range soils using poultry waste amendments in combination with indigenous plant species 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Chemical immobilization technology utilizing poultry waste (PW) along with a native plant (Panicum maximum Jacq.) application was assessed for the attenuation of downward Pb dissolution and modification of Pb speciation in solid and liquid phases in the soil. A large column study with and without plant and PW applications was conducted using a Pb contaminated soil collected from a shooting range area. The PW application reduced water-extractable Pb by about 43% of that of the treatment without the PW and plant applications (Control). The cumulative Pb amount in column leachates over 100d was increased by the PW amendment (0.32mg) compared to Control (0.27mg), but was reduced to 0.23mg by the combined use of plant and PW amendment. Sequential extraction analysis revealed that the Pb fractions of PW-amended soils were shifted to less soluble phases as indicated by an increased residual fraction (20%) and decreased exchangeable and carbonate fractions (22%) than those in the Control soil. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations demonstrated that predicted Pb(2+) activity was saturated with respect to cerussite in the Control soil and was supersaturated with respect to chloropyromorphite in the PW-amended soils. Our results suggest that the use of plant in combination with PW as a Pb immobilizing amendment attenuated downward Pb leaching and altered Pb species to more geochemically stable phases. 相似文献
78.
Irrigation system and land use effect on surface water quality in river, at lake Dianchi, Yunnan, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takashi Tanak Takahiro Sato Kazuo Watanabe Ying Wang Dan Yang Hiromo Inoue Kunzhi Li Tatsuya Inamura 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(6):1107-1116
The surface water samples were collected in river Dahe and its tributaries, which flow into severely eutrophic lake Dianchi, Yunnan Province, China, in order to elucidate factors controlling water quality fluctuations. The temporal and spatial distribution of water quality tendency was observed. The water quality of each river is dependent on the hydrology effect such water gate and circulating irrigation system. We must consider the hydrology effect to accurately understand water quality variations of river in this study field. In river without highly circulating irrigation system or water gate effect, the downstream nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration increase occurred in area dominated by open field cultivation, whereas the NO3-N concentration was constant or decreased in area dominated by greenhouse land use. This result suggests that greenhouse covers the soil from precipitation, and nitrate load of greenhouse could be less than that of open field cultivation while the rainfall event. In the upper reaches of river, where is dominated by open field cultivation, there were no sharp increase dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus and total phosphorus concentration, but P load was accumulated in the lower reaches of river, whose predominant land use is greenhouse. Although the P sources is unclear in this study, greenhouse area may have potential of P loads due to its high P content in greenhouse soil. Considering hydrology effect is necessary to determine what the major factor is influencing the water quality variation, especially in area with highly complicated irrigation system in this studying site. 相似文献
79.
A new Triassic archosaurian from China shows a number of aquatic specializations, of which the most striking is the extreme lateral compression of the long tail. Others that may also reflect aquatic adaptations include platelike scapula and coracoid, elongate neck with extremely long and slender ribs, and reduction of osteoderms. In contrast, its pelvic girdle and hind limb have no aquatic modifications. Anatomic features, taphonomy, and local geological data suggest that it may have lived in a coastal–island environment. This lifestyle, convergent with some Jurassic marine crocodyliforms that lived at least 40 million years later and the saltwater species of extant Crocodylus, contradicts with the prevailing view that Triassic archosaurians were restricted to nonmarine ecosystems. Its mosaic anatomy represents a previously unknown ecomorph within primitive archosaurians.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 相似文献
80.
Stef Bokhorst Stine Højlund Pedersen Ludovic Brucker Oleg Anisimov Jarle W. Bjerke Ross D. Brown Dorothee Ehrich Richard L. H. Essery Achim Heilig Susanne Ingvander Cecilia Johansson Margareta Johansson Ingibjörg Svala Jónsdóttir Niila Inga Kari Luojus Giovanni Macelloni Heather Mariash Donald McLennan Gunhild Ninis Rosqvist Atsushi Sato Hannele Savela Martin Schneebeli Aleksandr Sokolov Sergey A. Sokratov Silvia Terzago Dagrun Vikhamar-Schuler Scott Williamson Yubao Qiu Terry V. Callaghan 《Ambio》2016,45(5):516-537