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211.
Functions of the major cheliped in pagurid hermit crabs have been studied in fights for shells. The major cheliped often shows
sexual size dimorphism, suggesting that sexual selection favors the development of the male major cheliped. The function of
the major cheliped in male–male competition was examined in Pagurus nigrofascia collected from April to June 2009 on the intertidal rocky shore in southern Hokkaido, Japan (41°N, 140°E). Sexual size dimorphism
of the major cheliped was observed, and precopulatory guarding males had larger major chelipeds than solitary ones. Guarding
males used the major cheliped to deter intruders during competitive interactions. Males without a major cheliped were disadvantaged
even if they were larger than opponents and had ownership. Cheliped size affected the outcomes of contests between similar
sized males. This suggests that the male major cheliped in P. nigrofascia protects mates from competitors and, consequently, enhances male mating success. Sexual selection may favor the development
of the major cheliped in male pagurids. 相似文献
212.
Mandour Ahmed S. Elsayed Roushdy F. Ali Asmaa O. Mahmoud Ahmed E. Samir Haney Dessouki Amina A. Matsuura Katsuhiro Watanabe Izumi Sasaki Kazuaki Al-Rejaie Salim Yoshida Tomohiko Shimada Kazumi Tanaka Ryou Watanabe Gen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(7):7815-7827
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Copper deficiency (CuD) is a common mineral disorder in ruminants, which causes histomorphological changes in the heart due to disturbances in... 相似文献
213.
Hee-Jong Kim Hideki Yoshida Toshihiko Matsuto Yasumasa Tojo Takayuki Matsuo 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(3):465-472
In a closed landfill, Japan, remedial actions have been undertaken to address the inadequate leachate collection and drainage systems. Part of this process included installing many passive gas vents in the landfill to promote stabilization of landfilled waste. This study focused on the gas velocity in vents by conducting tracer tests to elucidate the gas flow via passive gas vents. The gas composition and gas temperature in the vents was also measured.As the gas vents pass through the waste layer, both landfill gas and air flows through the vents. Therefore, passive gas vents can be used to aerate landfilled waste as well as to collect and release landfill gas. Aerobic biodegradation occurs when air migrates through the waste layer if organic matter is present; this increases the temperature of the waste layer. Inflow of air into the gas vents can occur at a wide range of depths, even 10–20 m below ground level. Air is induced not from the surface of the landfill, but horizontally along the waste layer. The driving force of air induction from outside is a buoyancy effect caused by the temperature rise due to aerobic biodegradation. 相似文献
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Masako Morishita Gerald J. Keeler Jacob D. McDonald James G. Wagner Li-Hao Young Satoshi Utsunomiya Rodney C. Ewing Jack R. Harkema 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(10):1805-1813
Recent studies have attributed toxic effects of ambient fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.5) to physical and/or chemical properties rather than total mass. However, identifying specific components or sources of a complex mixture of ambient PM2.5 that are responsible for adverse health effects is still challenging. In order to improve our understanding of source-to-receptor pathways for ambient PM2.5 (links between sources of ambient PM2.5 and measures of biologically relevant dose), integrated inhalation toxicology studies using animal models and concentrated air particles (CAPs) were completed in southwest Detroit, a community where the pediatric asthma rate is more than twice the national average. Ambient PM2.5 was concentrated with a Harvard fine particle concentrator housed in AirCARE1, a mobile air research laboratory which facilitates inhalation exposure studies in real-world settings. Detailed characterizations of ambient PM2.5 and CAPs, identification of major emission sources of PM2.5, and quantification of trace elements in the lung tissues of laboratory rats that were exposed to CAPs for two distinct 3-day exposure periods were completed.This paper describes the physical/chemical properties and sources of PM2.5, pulmonary metal concentrations and meteorology from two different 3-day exposure periods—both conducted at the southwest Detroit location in July 2003—which resulted in disparate biological effects. More specifically, during one of the exposure periods, ambient PM2.5-derived trace metals were recovered from lung tissues of CAPs-exposed animals, and these metals were linked to local combustion point sources in southwest Detroit via receptor modeling and meteorology; whereas in the other exposure period, no such trace metals were observed. By comparing these two disparate results, this investigation was able to define possible links between PM2.5 emitted from refineries and incinerators and biologically relevant dose, which in turn may be associated with observed health effects. 相似文献
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Bisphenol A (BPA) can be decomposed photocatalytically under UV-illumination in aqueous TiO2 dispersion. The two methyl groups in BPA were initially attacked with .OH and/or .OOH radicals having strong oxidizing power, followed by the cleavage of the two phenyl moieties. Finally, the photomineralization to CO2 gas occurred via oxidative processes involving carboxylic acids and aldehydes. The decomposition of structurally similar substances of 4,4'-ethylidenebisphenol (EBP) and 4,4'-methylenebisphenol (MBP) was compared. The decomposition of BPA gave more kinds of intermediates such as 4-isopropylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, etc. On the other hand, that of EBP gave mainly 4-isopropylphenol and that of MBP gave a predominant product of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. These photooxidative pathways were proposed on the base of the evidence of oxidative intermediate formation. 相似文献
220.
Models for describing the flushing of DNAPL from contaminated aquifers are developed, and the dependence of the calculated cleanup times on the model parameters is explored. Diffusion transport from isolated DNAPL droplets, from low-permeability porous spherical domains containing distributed DNAPL droplets, and from low-permeability porous planar lamellae containing distributed DNAPL is analyzed, and the resulting expressions then coupled with the equations for advective transport of dissolved VOC by means of natural uniform flow and a system of injection and recovery wells generating a two-dimensional flow field. The models are readily run on currently available microcomputers. The results of computations with the models are consistent with the severe tailing and slow rates of remediation which are generally observed when DNAPLs are removed by flushing. 相似文献