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231.
Almut Gerhardt Stefanie Schmidt Sebastian Hss 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(3)
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans receives increasing attention in sediment ecotoxicology and new toxicity tests with sensitive test parameters are under development. In this study, the motility of C. elegans could be measured for the first time online in sediment, using the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor. Whereas single nematodes could not be recorded, groups of 10 nematodes gave typical locomotive signals in different media (water, agar, sediment) with comparable precision and accuracy. The results of this study encourage to develop a new rapid online whole-sediment toxicity test with behaviour as sensitive test parameter. 相似文献
232.
Uptake and metabolisation of arsenic as a function of both the plant type and the chemical form of arsenic were examined. For this purpose two different plant species (Silene vulgaris and Plantago major) were selected that differed in their vitality and accumulation behaviour on arsenic-loaded substrates. The plants were cultivated on soil and irrigated with aqueous solutions of an inorganic arsenic compound (arsenious acid) and an organic compound (dimethylarsinate). The arsenic species accumulated in the parts of the plants above ground were extracted by PLE and determined using IC-ICP-MS. The concentrations and metabolisation products of arsenic found in the extracts indicate different mechanisms of arsenic uptake and transformation in both angiosperms. The arsenic species pattern showed that S. vulgaris was more arsenic--tolerable than P. major which is attributed to a low arsenate to arsenite concentration ratio in the plant compartments. S. vulgaris was also able to demethylate and reduce dimethylarsinate to form arsenite in a high extent. P. major accumulated only eight times lower concentration of arsenic, and the arsenate to arsenite concentration ratio shifted to higher values. Metabolisation products of dimethylarsinate did not occur under the present experimental conditions. The vitality of the angiosperms seems to be very dependent on the ability of the plant to reduce arsenate to arsenite. 相似文献
233.
Eight tertiary nonanols were synthesized via Grignard reaction and coupled by Friedel–Crafts alkylation with phenol to the corresponding nonylphenols. Six branched para-nonylphenols (NP) were obtained: 4-(3′-methyl-3′-octyl)phenol (33NP), 4-(2′-methyl-2′-octyl)phenol (22NP), 4-(2′,5′-dimethyl-2′-heptyl)phenol (252NP), 4-(2′,5′,5′-trimethyl-2′-hexyl)phenol (2552NP), 4-(2′,4′-dimethyl-2′-heptyl)phenol (242NP) and 4-(4′-ethyl-2′-methyl-2′-hexyl)phenol (4E22NP). Their structures were confirmed by GC–MS and NMR spectroscopy. These six isomers as well as the earlier synthesized 4-(3′,5′-dimethyl-3′-heptyl)phenol (353NP), 4-(3′,6′-dimethyl-3′-heptyl)phenol (363NP) and 4-(2′,6′-dimethyl-2′-heptyl)phenol (262NP) were compared with commercial NP mixtures purchased from Acros and Fluka by GC–MS (equipped with a 100 m polysiloxane column). The analyses revealed that all obtained isomers are occurring in different quantities in both commercial NP mixtures. 相似文献
234.
Thiry Y Schmidt P Van Hees M Wannijn J Van Bree P Rufyikiri G Vandenhove H 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2005,81(2-3):201-219
We determined the uranium distribution in soil and its allocation in compartments of 35-year-old Scots pine developed on a revegetated U-mining heap. The processes controlling the dynamics of U recycling were identified and further quantified in terms of annual fluxes. As pine developed, an acid humus layer emerged leading to weathering of the alkaline mining debris but this had little effect on U mobility in the soil profile. Increased U mobility mainly involved a translocation of U to metal-humus chelates in surface layers. The root compartment accounted for 99.3% of the U budget in tree, thus serving as an effective barrier which restricts U uptake. The current root uptake and transfer of U to upper parts of the tree amounted to about 3g ha(-1) y(-1), i.e. less than 0.03% of the current NH4-exchangeable U pool in the soil (0-30 cm). Allocation and translocation pattern made it clear that a dominant fraction of the translocated U moves passively with the ascent xylem sap, most likely as a soluble complex, and steadily accumulates in the needles. Consequently, 97% of the U annual uptake is returned to the soil through litterfall. At the studied site, the risk of U dissemination due to biomass turnover or trunk harvest was low when considered in relation to the current "exemption level" for U. 相似文献
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The Science of Nature - 相似文献
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