南海东北部珠江口盆地沉积物中古菌群落垂向分布研究

本文利用高通量测序及荧光定量PCR技术对南海东北部珠江口盆地柱状沉积物的表层（0~1 cm）、中层（20~21 cm）和底层（40~41 cm）3个样品中古菌群落结构及其垂向分布进行了研究。结果表明,沉积物中的古菌主要可被划分为奇古菌门、Woesearchaeota、深古菌门和广古菌门。表层样品中的古菌群落多样性和丰富度最低,类群Marine Group I（MGI）占绝对优势,中层和底层样品中的古菌则以MGI、Group C3、Marine Benthic Group B、Thermoplasmata为主要类群。执行氨氧化功能的亚硝化侏儒菌属（Nitrosopumilus）是研究区域的优势类群,预示该区域的氮代谢过程较为活跃。定量结果表明,古菌丰度为2.00×107~8.20×107copies/g,且随深度增加呈下降趋势。研究结果可为进一步探讨南海沉积物中的古菌群落特征提供依据。     

A chemical structure for humic substances

Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. D. Beckey on the occasion of his 70th birthday.     

小清河口及邻近海域的溶解氧

在2002年6月对小清河口及邻近海域进行大面调查资料的基础上，分析了调查区域内溶解氧的分布特征，发现在小清河河口内存在低氧区。结合盐度、COD、营养盐的分析数据，查明了小清河河口内形成低氧区的主要原因是小清河径流带来的大量有机污染物所致。     

Composting duck excreta enriched wood shavings: C and N transformations and bacterial pathogen reductions

Composting of agricultural and domestic wastes is used increasingly to reduce weight, volume, and odor; destroy animal and plant pathogens; and improve the quality of end-products to be used as soil amendments and growth substrates. The objective of this study was to investigate the transformation of C and N and the survival of bacterial populations and pathogenic bacteria during in-vessel composting of duck excreta enriched wood shavings. Two feedstocks, collected on different dates, were composted (C1 and C2) in an enclosed hall system equipped with an electromechanical turner. Temperature was continuously recorded, whereas moisture content and bacterial counts were determined twice a week. Data showed that, although the N content of C2 was only half of that of C1, both materials were fully biostabilized at the end of the composting period as indicated by extractable lipid ratios. In the compost with the low C/N ratio (C1), all bacterial populations were eliminated, whereas fecal streptococci, total coliforms, and gram-negative bacteria were still present in C2 at the end of the composting period. Our results emphasize that the composting of manures and other organic wastes needs to be properly managed to stabilize C and N and to eliminate or reduce bacterial populations.     

火灾下圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土短柱轴压性能分析

利用ABAQUS软件建立了火灾下圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土轴压短柱非线性有限元模型,在确定混凝土和钢材的本构基础上,对其火灾下轴压性能进行了数值计算,并与已有相关试验数据进行了对比验证。分析了环境温度、混凝土强度、钢管屈服强度、截面尺寸、含钢率等参数对火灾下轴压性能的影响规律。结果表明:火灾下各试件核心混凝土纵向应力发展规律较为相似,且应力分布趋向均匀;环境温度对试件轴压刚度的影响大于极限承载力,材料强度对极限承载力的影响较大,增大钢管含钢率可一定程度提高试件轴压刚度;提出了火灾下此类试件极限承载力和轴压刚度的简化计算公式,可为工程实际应用提供参考。     

高校党政办公室工作的创新与实践

党政办公室在高校的发展与建设中承担着组织、协调、服务、督办等重要的职能与作用.面对新形势、新任务、新要求,党政办公室要跟上时代的步伐,就必须不断开拓进取,建立一种新的、现代的、更加先进的工作理念、工作方式、工作机制,充分调动工作人员的创造性和积极性,提高高校党政办公室工作的效率,建设一流部门,争创一流业绩.     

一种紫外-可见光谱检测水质COD预测模型优化方法

针对紫外-可见光谱法检测水质COD预测模型的精度低和收敛速度慢等问题,研究了一种基于粒子群算法联合最小二乘支持向量机(PSO_LSSVM)的水质检测COD预测模型优化方法,并引入主元分析(PCA)算法对模型输入光谱数据进行降维预处理,借以提高模型的收敛速度.结果表明,利用粒子群(PSO)算法收敛速度快和全局优化能力,优化了最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)模型的惩罚因子和核函数参数,避免了人为选择参数的盲目性,克服了传统LSSVM预测模型的精度较低、稳健性较差等缺点.通过以收敛时间、预测平均相对误差(MRE)和均方根误差(RMSE)为评价标准进行评估,输入样本经过PCA降维预处理的PSO_LSSVM模型的预测能力和输入样本未经过降维预处理的LSSVM模型与PSO_LSSVM模型进行了比较分析,输入样本经过PCA降维预处理的PSO_LSSVM模型预测效果最优,且此算法使用C语言实现,易于移植,这为紫外-可见光谱水质COD在线、实时性检测奠定了基础.     

水稻对低磷反应的基因型差异及其生理适应机制的初步研究

选取构建水稻分子连锁图谱的两个亲本ＪＸ１７和ＺＹＱ８为材料,在３低磷胁迫下,对磷营养效率有关指标进行分析,结果表明,ＪＸ１７在与磷吸收效率有关的生理指标,如根干重、根分泌质子、根分泌有机酸等方面,都明显优于ＡＹＱ８,说明ＪＸ１７表现较高的相对干物重,低磷胁迫反应不敏感。