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91.
Sebastian?LeuzingerEmail author Bette?L.?Willis Kenneth?R.?N.?Anthony 《Marine Biology》2012,159(1):177-186
An organism’s pattern of resource allocation to reproduction and growth over time critically impacts on its lifetime reproductive
success. During times of low resource availability, there are two fundamental, mutually exclusive strategies of energy investment:
maintenance of somatic tissues to support survival and later reproduction or investment into an immediate reproductive event
at the risk of subsequent death. Here, we examine energy allocation patterns in the coral Montipora digitata to determine whether energy investment during periods of resource shortage favours growth or reproduction in a sessile, modular
marine species. We manipulated light regimes (two levels of shading) on plots within a shallow reef flat habitat (Orpheus
Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia) and quantified energy uptake (rates of net photosynthesis), energy investment into
reproduction (E
R
), tissue growth per unit surface area (E
T
) and energy channelled into calcification (E
C
). With declining resource availability (i.e. reduced photosynthesis), relative energy investment shifted from high (~80%)
allocation to tissue growth (E
R
:E
T
:E
C
= 11:81:8%) to an increasing proportion channelled into reproduction and skeletal growth (20:31:49%). At the lowest light
regime, calcification was maintained but reproduction was halted and thus energy content per unit surface area of tissue declined,
although no mortality was observed. The changing hierarchy in energy allocation among life functions with increasing resource
limitation found here for an autotrophic coral, culminating in cessation of reproduction when limitations are severe, stands
in contrast to observations from annual plants. However, the strategy may be optimal for maximising fitness components (growth,
reproduction and survival) through time in marine modular animals. 相似文献
92.
Häring Ivo Fehling-Kaschek Mirjam Miller Natalie Faist Katja Ganter Sebastian Srivastava Kushal Jain Aishvarya Kumar Fischer Georg Fischer Kai Finger Jörg Stolz Alexander Leismann Tobias Hiermaier Stefan Carli Marco Battisti Federica Makri Rodoula Celozzi Giuseppe Belesioti Maria Sfakianakis Evangelos Agrafioti Evita Chalkidou Anastasia Papadakis George Fuggini Clemente Bolletta Fabio Neri Alberto Giunta Guiseppe Scheithauer Hermann Höflinger Fabian Schott Dominik J. Schindelhauer Christian Köhler Sven Linkov Igor 《The Environmentalist》2021,41(2):286-329
Environment Systems and Decisions - Organizational and technical approaches have proven successful in increasing the performance and preventing risks at socio-technical systems at all scales.... 相似文献
93.
Sebastian U. Senger 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1999,11(5):249-251
94.
It has been confirmed that the NOx-concentration in air is highest over industrial areas and that it decreases by more than 75%, parallel to traffic density, over urban areas as related to forested areas. A significant correlation excists between NO2-concentration and the parameters of “traffic density,” followed by “road density” and “number of inhabitants/km2” in urban areas. No positive correlation was found with the number of “registered cars” and the parameters of “land use”. In forested areas, the traffic density correlated with the NO2-concentration, but the correlation was not significant. The other parameters had no positive correlation with NO2-concentration. In forest, urban- and industrial-areas, the NOx-concentration in the air had a fairly constant ratio to traffic density. 相似文献
95.
Anant Yadav Piyush Choudhary Neelam Atri Sebastian Teir Srikanth Mutnuri 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(22):22284-22291
The objective of the present study was to set up a small-scale pilot reactor at ONGC Hazira, Surat, for capturing CO2 from vent gas. The studies were carried out for CO2 capture by either using microalgae Chlorella sp. or a consortium of microalgae (Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum humicola). The biomass harvested was used for anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. The carbonation column was able to decrease the average 34 vol.% of CO2 in vent gas to 15 vol.% of CO2 in the outlet gas of the carbonation column. The yield of Chlorella sp. was found to be 18 g/m2/day. The methane yield was 386 l CH4/kg VSfed of Chlorella sp. whereas 228 l CH4/kg VSfed of the consortium of algae. 相似文献
96.
97.
98.
Almut Gerhardt Stefanie Schmidt Sebastian Hss 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(3)
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans receives increasing attention in sediment ecotoxicology and new toxicity tests with sensitive test parameters are under development. In this study, the motility of C. elegans could be measured for the first time online in sediment, using the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor. Whereas single nematodes could not be recorded, groups of 10 nematodes gave typical locomotive signals in different media (water, agar, sediment) with comparable precision and accuracy. The results of this study encourage to develop a new rapid online whole-sediment toxicity test with behaviour as sensitive test parameter. 相似文献
99.
Sebastian Gayler Stefan Trapp Michael Matthies Reiner Schroll Herwart Behrendt 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1995,2(2):98-103
The uptake of terbuthylazine and its medium polar metabolites into maize plants under outdoor conditions is investigated.
For this purpose, a dynamical fate model consisting of soil, plant and air is developed. The model calculations are compared
with experimental results of outdoor lysimeter tests, carried out with14C-labelled herbicide applied to sandy agricultural soil at a single application rate of 890 g/ha. Approximately 0.3 % of the
applied activity remains in all the plants after the vegetation period. The model predicts that about three times that amount
is volatilized from the plants into the air. Activity uptaken from soil and volatilized from plant surface into air is predominately
associated with metabolites. During the whole vegetation period the fraction of unchanged terbuthylazine in the plants is
very small (less than 1 % of the extractable activity). 相似文献
100.
Sebastian U. Senger und Dietrich J. G. Werner 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》1999,11(5):253-259
Zusammenfassung Eine Zusammenstellung der Ozon-Me?werte der Luftme?stationnetze in Hessen und NRW ergab für die Jahresmittelwerte von 1990–1998
im Durchschnitt eine schwache Abnahme der Ozonkonzentrationen. Dabei lagen die Jahresmittelwerte der Ozonkonzentrationen über
Waldstationen doppelt so hoch wie über Stadtstationen. Die Ozonkonzentrationen verhalten sich im regionalen Vergleich umgekehrt
proportional zur Verkehrsdichte. In der Zahl der überschreitungen der gesetzlich festgelegten Grenzwerte von ≥180 μg Ozon/m3 pro Jahr lagen die Waldstationen mit dem 2–3 fachen Wert über den Stadtstationen. Lediglich die j?hrlichen Maximalwerte der
stündlich gemessenen Ozonwerte n?hern sich einander.
Die hohen Ozonwerte über den Waldstationen stehen im Zusammenhang mit den niedrigen Konzentrationen von NOx. Nachts reduziert
sich das Ozon über den Waldstationen durch Rückreaktion mit vergleichsweise geringen Konzentrationen von NO nur bis ca. 50%,
w?hrend der Ozongehalt über Stadtstationen bis nahe Null absinkt. Dieser Vorgang über den Stadtstationen wird auch durch Photolyse
des in hohen Konzentrationen vorliegenden NO2 und die dadurch erfolgende erh?hte Bildung von Ozon w?hrend des Tages nicht wieder kompensiert.
Für die hier dargestellten Ergebnisse gibt es prinzipiell keine Unterschiede zwischen den Ozonverh?ltnissen in Hessen und
NRW.
相似文献