煤化工废水零排放的制约性问题

对煤化工废水零排放可能实现的技术途径进行了分析,指出目前煤化工废水零排放存在技术经济、环境影响、规划管理等方面的制约性问题,并提出建议措施,为今后强化煤化工废水零排放环境管理提供借鉴。     

污水土地处理系统流态影响因素及优化

在污水土地处理系统的反应器模型中进行流态实验,使用正交分析理论及停留时间分布(RTD)分析理论,探索管网、集水层和承托层对反应器体积效率及推流的影响,并对反应器构造进行优化。使用正交实验分析发现,各因素对体积效率的影响程度顺序为:承托层>集水层>管网,管网与承托层的影响有明显的交互作用;集水层对推流有影响,并且管网与集水层有很显著的交互作用。使用RTD分析各因素交互作用发现,采用全网布水与集水时,集水层及承托层对流态的影响都不大。管网布设为过水断面的一半(半网)时,集水层的集水作用及承托层的布水作用可以增加反应器体积效率。"半网-有集水层-有承托层"的体积效率最高,流态最接近推流形式,其无因次平均停留时间为1.093,轴向扩散系数为0.037,属于低扩散程度。     

开发区土地集约利用的区域效应分析——以吉林省中部开发区为例

从集约评价的角度研究开发区土地集约利用对区域经济社会发展的效应,不仅可以掌握开发区与区域经济社会发展的协调性以及开发区土地利用情况,还可以为政府相关部门、土地管理及规划等部门提供有力的决策工具,对推进吉林省开发区土地利用方式转变,提高开发区土地利用效率,促进区域经济结构调整,加快区域经济发展和城市化进程都具有重大的现实意义。本文以吉林省中部为研究对象,选取12个开发区,运用数据包络分析方法(DEA)对开发区土地集约利用的区域效应进行分析,得出结论:(1)长春市开发区土地集约利用的区域效应已达到最优状态,对区域经济发展带动有效性较好,而吉林市和四平市均处于规模效益递减状态;(2)有国家级开发区的市,其开发区土地集约利用状况的区域效应更好;(3)吉林省中部地区开发区总体发展不均衡:省级开发区与国家级开发区差距大,省级开发区中也呈现发展不平衡的现象。     

吸附融合菌的固定化及对铬吸附特性研究

研究了融合菌的固定化方法及吸附特性,结果表明:1.5%海藻酸钠为包埋剂包埋50 g/L融合菌可制成物理和吸附性能较好的固定化吸附剂;40 g/L(约含5 g/L融合菌)的固定化吸附剂对30 mg/L含Cr废水的去除率可达94.54%;当投加量为50 g/L(约含6 g/L融合菌)时,固定化吸附剂可完全去除实际电镀废水(pH:2.67,Cu:1.70 mg/L,Cr:20.62 mg/L,N i:29.97 mg/L,Zn:1.11 mg/L)中的Cu和Cr,且对N i和Zn的去除率也分别达到了48.05%和61.09%;吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型;填充柱工艺适用于固定化吸附剂连续处理含铬废水,当流速为150 mL/h和250 mL/h时填充柱一次稳定处理水量分别为7.2 L和11.5 L,且延长水力停留时间可提高出水水质。     

2016年1月京津冀地区大气污染特征与多尺度传输量化评估

基于大气环境监测数据和WRF-CAMx模式,分析了 2016年1月京津冀城市的大气污染特征,开展了 PM2.5跨界传输量化评估研究.结果表明,2016年1月京津冀地区PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2和CO的平均浓度分别为89.5μg·m-3、135.61μg·m-3、57.55 μg·m-3、60.79 μg·m-...     

干旱区哈密瓜生长和产量与气候要素的关系

农业是气候变化最敏感的领域之一,气候变化将对农作物产量产生巨大影响.探讨气候变化对干旱区哈密瓜(Cucumis melo L.)生长和产量的影响,明确关键影响气象因子,可为合理有效利用气候资源和防灾减灾提供科学依据.选取1981—2019年哈密瓜生长年气候因子、生长季内气象要素和1999—2019年发育期及产量资料,分...     

Effect of additive on the formation of polyacrylonitrile membrane

The effect of additives CaCl2 and CaCl2/H2O on the properties of polyacrylonitrile(PAN) ultrafiltration(UF) membranes prepared by phase inversion process was studied. The dissolving capacity of the casting solution for CaCl2 was enhanced by the addition of H2O. The membranes are characterized in terms of the pure water flux and molecular weight cut-off(MWCO). The addition of CaCl2 or CaCl2/H2O to the casting solution increases the resulting membrane permeability.     

狭长空间内通风对航空煤油池火燃烧速率的影响

在风速0～2.3 m/s、5.6 m×0.8 m×0.8 m的低湍流狭长风洞内对边长3～9 cm的正方形航空煤油池火进行燃烧试验,结合FDS数值模拟,研究了狭长空间内通风和油盘尺寸对正方形航空煤油池火燃烧速率的影响,并做出相应的分析.结果表明,数值模拟结果和试验结果吻合得较好.航空煤油的燃烧速率随风速的增大而升高,且油盘下风侧壁面对燃料的导热加强是促进燃烧的主要因素.随着油盘尺寸的增大,油池获得的热反馈增强,航空煤油燃烧加剧.     

端羧基超支化型淋洗剂对尾矿库区土壤重金属的淋洗效果

通过熔融聚合法,以三羟甲基丙烷为中心核,柠檬酸为共聚单体,成功制备了端羧基型超支化聚合物,并采用振荡淋洗法研究了所制备的超支化聚合物在不同因素影响下对尾矿库区污染土壤Cd、Pb和Zn的淋洗效果.实验结果表明,随着端羧基超支化型淋洗剂使用浓度的增加及淋洗时间的延长,HBP-COOH对Cd、Pb和Zn的去除率总体呈现增大趋势.在C_(HBP)=1.0%,且pH=3时,HBP-COOH对Cd、Zn的去除率分别为73.2%和48.1%;在pH=5且C_(HBP)=1.0%时,对Pb的去除率为69.2%,而且HBP-COOH对Cd的去除效果最佳.相比于柠檬酸而言,HBP-COOH对重金属具有更好的去除效果,且经HBP-COOH淋洗后,土壤的基本理化性质变化相对较小.综合考虑,HBP-COOH可以作为尾矿库区污染土壤Cd、Pb和Zn的环境友好型淋洗剂.     

Application of a three-dimensional eutrophication model for the Beijing Guanting Reservoir, China

The Beijing Guanting Reservoir (BGR) is located northwest of Beijing and has been an important water supply reservoir ever since the construction of a dam near the town of Guanting in 1954. As a result of excessive nutrients and organic carbon loadings from the drainage basin over the last several decades, the BGR suffers from eutrophication as well as other contamination problems and has not been used as a drinking water supply reservoir since 1997. As a management step to restore the reservoir's water quality, a numerical model was developed based on the environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) framework. The model simulated three phytoplankton species based on the observed cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatom concentrations in 2004 for the Yongding arm of the reservoir, which is separated from the rest of the reservoir by a sand bar. The model was calibrated with vertical temperature profiles as well as the observed chlorophyll a and nutrients concentrations in the water column. The calibrated model was further applied to investigate management scenarios, which include reduction in external loadings of nutrients with constructed wetlands, biomanipulation, and transferring water from CeTian Reservoir. All three scenarios can reduce the peak chlorophyll a levels in the reservoir. The background nutrients were high, and reducing the external nutrients was effective only after a reduction in background nutrients after phytoplankton growth. The biomanipulation and water transfer scenarios could also delay the occurrence of the peak chlorophyll a. Because the model was developed based on one year of data, the model can only reveal the short-term effects of applying the management scenarios. Future studies will consider the long-term processes, such as diagenesis, when data are available to predict the long-term effects of the scenarios.