深井开采巷旁充填沿空留巷围岩活动规律研究

随着我国煤矿开采深度的逐年增加,瓦斯含量逐渐增大且赋存异常,回采工作面瓦斯超限问题严重威胁着煤矿的安全生产,而沿空留巷则是解决工作面瓦斯超限问题的最有效途径,但沿空留巷顶板稳定性控制问题则制约了沿空留巷技术在我国更广泛地推广应用。本文以顾桥矿1115(1)采煤工作面沿空留巷的成功案例为背景,全面研究分析了沿空留巷围岩活动的基本规律,对类似条件下的沿空留巷围岩控制具有重要的指导意义,使沿空留巷技术在我国得到更广泛的推广应用具有积极的现实意义。     

A novel sequence batch membrane carbonation photobioreactor developed for microalgae cultivation

A novel SBM-C-PBR was constructed for microalgae cultivation. Membrane fouling was greatly mitigated by membrane carbonation. NH₄⁺ and P removal rates were around 80% in SBM-C-PBR. Biomass was completely retained by membrane. In this study, a novel sequence batch membrane carbonation photobioreactor was developed for microalgae cultivation. Herein, membrane module was endowed functions as microalgae retention and CO₂ carbonation. The results in the batch experiments expressed that the relatively optimal pore size of membranes was 30 nm, photosynthetically active radiation was 36 W/m² and the CO₂ concentration was 10% (v/v). In long-term cultivation, the microalgal concentration separately accumulated up to 1179.0 mg/L and 1296.4 mg/L in two periods. The concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were increased about 23.2, 14.9 and 6.3 mg/L respectively in period I; meanwhile, the accumulation was about 25.0, 14.5, 6.6 mg/L respectively in the period II. Furthermore, the pH was kept about 5.5–7.5 due to intermittent carbonation mode, which was suitable for the growth of microalgae. Transmembrane pressure (TMP) was only increased by 0.19 and 0.16 bar in the end of periods I and II, respectively. The pure flux recovered to 75%–80% of the original value by only hydraulic cleaning. Scanning electron microscope images also illustrated that carbonation through membrane module could mitigate fouling levels greatly.     

信息技术在农田施肥管理中的应用

综述了目前国外精准农业的主要技术理论,着重围绕其在农田施肥管理中的应用,讨论基于GPS、GIS应用的农田施肥管理系统的开发和应用,提出精准农业技术理论在我国农田施肥管理中的应用设想。     

大沽河口潮间带沉积物重金属污染特征

为了解胶州湾大沽河口潮间带沉积物重金属污染现状,2015年采集60个大沽河口潮间带表层沉积物样和2个柱状样,测试了样品的粒径及主要重金属元素含量。结果显示,大沽河口地区以黏土质粉砂为主,局部含有砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂;潮汐对粒径较大的砂、粉砂的分选性较好,对黏土的分选性较差;沉积物重金属污染程度较低,Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd、As和Hg等7种重金属元素的平均含量为30.29×10-6、29.35×10-6、80.55×10-6、69.92×10-6、0.08×10-6、0.05×10-6和8.63×10-6;表层沉积物中各金属元素与平均粒径之间有较强的负相关性;利用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对各金属元素的潜在生态危害程度进行了评价,结果显示大沽河口潮间带重金属污染程度整体较低,Hg为主要超标元素,近年来,该地区环境有所改善。     

苏里格气田钻井液不落地技术的应用

为有效保护环境和提高钻井液的重复利用率,苏里格气田在开发过程中形成了一套成熟的钻井液不落地处理技术。通过对现场应用效果的分析,此技术减少了修建泥浆池的工作量,实现了钻井过程中废弃钻井液的不落地处理,减少了对环境造成的影响,同时还提高了钻井液的循环利用率,节约了大量水资源,实现了环保清洁型生产的目标。     

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术

本文结合了国内外研究成果,概述了石油污染土壤的现状,分析了生物修复石油污染土壤的环境影响因子,如：pH值、温度、水分、土壤质地等,并对这一治理方法在我国的发展前景进行了展望,为今后这方面的研究提供建议。     

驯化活性污泥SBR工艺处理乳制品废水研究

乳制品废水直接采用生物法处理在现有研究中较少,为验证处理效果,将4阶段驯化后的活性污泥投加到SBR中,进行了低浓度乳制品废水的直接生物降解试验,主要考察了对COD、NH4-N的去除效果,结果显示:活性污泥驯化期间,COD、NH4-N平均去除率分别为93%、90%;驯化后的活性污泥处理效果稳定,当进水COD为1654 mg/L、NH4-N为115 mg/L时,出水COD、NH4-N分别为66 mg/L、2 mg/L,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准,证明了用驯化活性污泥直接处理低浓度乳制品废水是可行的.     

Photosynthetic production and its regulating factors in the Baltic Sea

Measurements of primary production in the Baltic Sea over a period of 2 years (1969/1971) by the ¹⁴C method are reported. The rate of total annual production for the Baltic Sea proper and the Gulf of Finland including coastal areas appears to lie between 35 and 40 gC·m², a rate which can be assumed as characteristic for oligotrophic waters with a low production rate. An apparent increase in productivity between the 2 years could be noted. Calculations for the water mass below the halocline show that between 0.7 and 0.8 ml/l oxygen is used up during a period of 3 months required for the development of anoxic conditions. The major portion of the organic matter in the Baltic Sea undergoes decomposition in the sub-photic zone above the halocline. The ratio of organic material in deep water to the total available oxidizable matter appears to remain constant with time; therefore, the apparent increase in productivity in the photic layer does not affect apprecibly the development of anoxic conditions in deep water. Of the different areas investigated, the Gulf of Finland seems to be the most productive. In the southern Baltic Sea, the rate of production over 5 years between 1966 and 1971 has not changed appreciably. In fact, it shows a trend toward a slight decrease, whereas, in other areas of the Baltic Sea, the rate of production indicates an apparent increase. Comparison with oceanic coastal areas of the west coast of Sweden shows that the rate of production there is higher than in the Baltic Sea. Of the micronutrients controlling productivity in the photic layer of the Baltic Sea, nitrate has a stronger limiting effect on plant growth than phosphate, a fact which is in agreement with existing conceptions on the subject. Dissolved iron does not seem to exert any appreciable influence on the productivity.     

Review and prospects of mining chemical dust suppressant: classification and mechanisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal mine pollution is a serious threat to the mine safe production and occupational health of miners. Chemical dust suppression can effectively...