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81.
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Municipal solid waste management has become a worldwide concern. Chengdu municipality has decided to adopt the “zero landfilling”... 相似文献
82.
基于均匀设计的类Fenton's体系去除污染土壤中蒽和芘的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分别以乳酸、L-酒石酸、柠檬酸为助剂,将其添加至类Fenton's体系中去除污染土壤中的蒽和芘等多环芳烃.结果发现,以柠檬酸为助剂时,多环芳烃的去除率为83.75%.同时,以均匀实验设计法考察了H2O2用量、Fe SO4用量、反应温度、反应时间、水土比、柠檬酸用量和多环芳烃染毒浓度对多环芳烃去除率的影响.实验数据和结果经DPS(Data Processing Station)软件处理后得到多环芳烃去除率与各反应因素之间的回归方程,经随机验证实验和计算结果对比表明,该回归方程的拟合误差低于5%,具有精确的预报性. 相似文献
83.
松花江流域水资源-水污染联合调控方案动态模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为解决松花江流域水资源消耗与水污染物排放联合调控过程中系统复杂特征难以刻画和系统状态变化难以量化的问题,本文从流域污染物排放的源头即农业、工业、畜禽养殖业及生活(城镇和农村)4个方面展开研究,研究其水资源消耗量和水污染物排放量联合控制的特征和机理过程.通过构建二者的耦合关系,建立了松花江流域水资源-水污染联合控制动态模拟模型.通过对该模型进行验证及设计的4种情景方案的模拟对比,充分说明实施开源、节流、治污、减排的综合措施,才是松花江流域经济社会与水环境系统协调发展的最佳策略.同时结果也证明了本文所提出的联合调控动态模拟模型的合理性和可行性.本研究对于解决松花江流域的水资源优化管理、水污染减排和总量控制具有重要的意义,同时可为制定松花江流域经济发展策略提供参考. 相似文献
84.
为研究废弃印刷电路板(PCB)在回收加热拆解电子元件过程中所产生的气体排放物的主要成分,使用自行设计的废弃PCB拆解装置进行拆解实验,采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIRS)、气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)、离子色谱(IC)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)等分析方法,对实验过程所收集到的气体产物进行成分分析.结果表明,废弃PCB的基板在加热过程中发生了初步分解,基板上的溴化环氧树脂发生了O—C、C—C、C—Br键的断裂,产生了苯酚、2,6-二溴苯酚等有机物;伴随有机气体逸出的还有废弃PCB在加热过程所释放的含有大量S、N、Cl、Br等元素的无机酸性气体;而连续的熔锡过程还使得PCB与焊料中的Sn、Pb、Sb、Hg、Cd、Cr等重金属产生烟尘逸出. 相似文献
85.
滇池表层沉积物对磷的吸附特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在室内模拟条件下,从滇池表层沉积物对磷的吸附动力学与热力学两个角度出发,研究了滇池沉积物对磷的吸附特征,同时探讨了不同磷形态对磷吸附特性的影响,结果表明:1滇池不同形态磷含量顺序为:有机磷钙(O-P)钙结合态磷(Ca-P)金属氧化物结合态磷(Al-P)残渣态磷(Res-P)可还原态磷(Fe-P)弱吸附态磷(NH4Cl-P);2沉积物对磷的吸附动力学过程分为2个阶段,即快吸附和慢吸附阶段.快吸附阶段主要发生在0~0.5 h内,而慢吸附阶段主要发生在0.5~4 h.滇池沉积物对磷的吸附过程主要在4 h内完成.3外海北部上覆水磷酸盐(SRP)浓度低于沉积物中磷的吸附/解吸平衡浓度(EPC0),可初步判断该区域沉积物有向上覆水体释放磷的风险.4不同区域沉积物磷的最大吸附量(Qmax)和总最大吸附量(TQmax)均以外海南部最大.5沉积物本底吸附态磷含量(NAP)与钙结合态磷(Ca-P)呈显著正相关关系(R2=0.5139,p0.05),而其他吸附特征参数与磷形态之间相关性均不显著.6与洱海、太湖等湖泊相比,滇池沉积物磷的本底吸附态磷(NAP)和最大吸附量(Qmax)均处于较高水平,磷污染较为严重. 相似文献
86.
87.
在1995年12月联合国环境署工业与环境中心出版的<世界范围的APELL>一书中,中华人民共和国条目下有一段关于上海市APELL计划的论述.本文更全面地介绍1996年底以前上海市APELL的历史;得出了关于所汲取的教训的结论;并详细说明了该计划进一步发展的打算. 相似文献
88.
Mining activities generate a large amount of solid waste, such as waste rock and tailings. The surface disposal of such waste can create several environmental and geotechnical problems. Public perception and strict government regulations with regards to the disposal of such waste compel the mining industry to develop new strategies which are environmentally sound and cost effective. In this scenario, recycling of such waste into mining or civil engineering construction materials have become a great challenge for the mining and civil engineering community. Hence, in this study, taking advantage of the inherent low hydraulic conductivity of paste tailings (pastefill), small amounts (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5%) of a super absorbent polymer (SAP) are added to the latter after moisturizing the tailings. The resulting densified polymer-pastefill (PP) materials are compacted and submitted to permeability tests at room temperature and performance tests under cyclic freeze–thaw and wet–dry conditions to evaluate their suitability as a barrier for waste containment facilities. Valuable results are obtained. It is found that the hydraulic conductivity of the proposed barrier material (PP) decreases as the amount of SAP increases. Hydraulic conductivity values as low as 1 × 10?7 and 6 × 10?9 cm/s are obtained for PPs which contain 0.1–0.5% SAP, respectively. The PP material also shows relatively good resistance to cyclic freeze–thaw and wet–dry stresses. The results show that negligible to acceptable changes in hydraulic conductivity occur after five freeze–thaw and six wet–dry cycles. None of the changes reach one order of magnitude. As a final step, a cost analysis is undertaken to evaluate the economical benefits that could be drawn from such a proposed barrier material. When compared to a conventional compacted sand–bentonite barrier with 12% bentonite concentration, it is found that the benefit realized could be estimated to 98, 96 and 90% when using PP material that contains 0.10, 0.20 and 0.5% of SAP. From this study, it can be concluded that PP materials show encouraging performance properties for barrier design. 相似文献
89.
The effects of compost prepared from waste material of banana plants on the nutrient contents of banana leaves 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Doran I Sen B Kaya Z 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2003,24(4):437-444
In this study, the possible utilization of removed shoots and plant parts of banana as compost after fruit harvest were investigated. Three doses (15-30-45 kg plan(-1)) of the compost prepared from the clone of Dwarf Cavendish banana were compared with Farmyard manure (50 kg plant(-1), Mineral fertilizers (180 g N + 150 g P + 335 g K plant(-1)) and Farmyard manure + Mineral fertilizers (25 kg FM + 180 g N + 150 g P + 335 g K plant(-1)) which determined positive effects on the nutrient contents of banana leaves. The banana plants were grown under a heated glasshouse and in a soil with physical and chemical properties suitable for banana growing. The contents of N, P, K and Mg in compost and in farmyard manure were found to be similar. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of leaves in all applications except control, and Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu contents in all applications were determined between optimum levels of reference values. There were positive correlations among some nutrient contents of leaves, growth, yield and fruit quality characteristics. Farmyard manure, Farmyard manure + Mineral fertilizers and 45 kg plant(-1) of compost increased the nutrient contents of banana leaves. According to obtained results, 45 kg plant(-1) of compost was determined more suitable in terms of economical production and organic farming than the other fertiliser types. 相似文献
90.
Mukhopadhyay SK Biswas H De TK Sen S Jana TK 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2002,4(4):549-552
Monthly variation of CO2 fugacity (fCO2) in surface water and related atmospheric exchanges were measured in the Hooghly estuary which is one of the most important estuaries, since it is fed by one of the world's largest rivers, the Ganges with a flow of 15,646 m3 s-1 (1.6% of the world's combined river flow). Carbon dioxide fluxes averaged over the entire estuary are in the range of -2.78 to 84.4 mmol m-2 d-1. This estuary acts as a sink for CO2 during monsoon months and seasonal variation of its flux is controlled by dilution of seawater by river water. Since the solubility of CO2 and the disassociation of carbonic acid in estuarine water are controlled by temperature and salinity, the observed variations of CO2 fluxes are compared with those predicted from seasonal changes in temperature, salinity and the ratio of gross primary production to community respiration using empirical equations with an explained variability of 55%. 相似文献