西藏才曲塘草地畜牧业的生态旅游景观规划

才曲塘草地畜牧业科技示范区位于西藏自治区那曲镇,目的是通过采用农牧业高新技术,提高农牧业综合开发的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,其中发展生态旅游是示范区主要开发方向和目标之一.利用景观生态学理论,分析了才曲塘生态旅游景观的形成条件、景观要素、景观结构特点,对进行了生态旅游景观的功能区划分;提出可以通过才曲塘的规划和建设,探索与自然生态环境协调的草地畜牧业景观结构,充分发挥畜牧业发展和生态旅游的功能,对高寒地区草地畜牧业综合开发起示范作用.     

煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故的事故树分析与防治

瓦斯爆炸是煤矿生产中的重要灾害,一旦发生事故,会造成巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡.对瓦斯爆炸事故的原因进行了分析,并提出相应的预防措施.     

日照近岸海域春秋季浮游植物群落结构研究

本文根据2016年5月和11月日照近岸海域的浮游植物调查数据,分析了该海域浮游植物的群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系。研究海域共发现浮游植物78种,其中,硅藻门（Bacillariophyta）66种,甲藻门（Pyrrophyta）10种,金藻门（Chrysophyta）2种。主要优势种为夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）、细弱圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus subtilis）和密连角毛藻（Chaetoceros densus）。春、秋两季平均丰度分别为69.38×104 cells/m3、24.61×104 cells/m3;平均多样性指数为1.56、2.99;平均丰富度指数为2.21、4.00;平均均匀度指数为0.44、0.73。聚类分析表明,研究海域可划分为3个群落。BIOENV分析表明,与研究海域浮游植物群落相关性最密切的环境因子组合为水深、水温、油类、总悬浮物和Zn。Pearson相关分析表明,影响春季浮游植物丰度的环境因子为水深、水温、铵盐、总悬浮物和重金属（Cu、Zn、Hg）;影响秋季浮游植物丰度的环境因子为水深、pH、盐度、DO和铵盐。本研究可为深入研究该海域浮游植物群落结构和影响因子提供重要的基础数据。     

新型单级自养脱氮与反硝化除磷耦合工艺

反硝化除磷菌(Denitrifying Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms,DPAOs)在缺氧段需要硝氮(NO-3-N)作为电子受体进行吸磷,而氨氧化细菌(Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria,AOB)和厌氧氨氧化细菌(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation,Anammox)恰好能够产生NO-3-N,基于此原理,将反硝化除磷菌与氨氧化细菌和厌氧氨氧化细菌进行联合培养,建立单级自养脱氮与反硝化除磷耦合工艺。该耦合工艺通过3个阶段的培养,在低碳氮磷比的条件下实现COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand)、氨氮及磷酸盐的同步高效去除(90%)。同时探讨了反硝化除磷细菌在不同碳源的条件下,各个化学指标(如挥发性脂肪酸、聚羟基脂肪酸等)的变化趋势及微生物群落多样性的变化情况。     

Biodegradability of Starch Based Self-Supporting Antimicrobial Film and Its Effect on Soil Quality

Alarming environmental pollution from petroleum based non-biodegradable disposable packaging films has generated concern for development of alternatives from natural polymers such as starch. In the present work, the biodegradability of a self-supporting film made from starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (starch:PVA?=?9:1 as the polymer) together with glutaraldehyde as crosslinker and sodium propionate (SP) as antimicrobial was investigated by soil burial method. The changes in soil composition namely pH, organic carbon, available and total nitrogen, and water holding capacity as a result of biodegradation were also estimated. The film underwent ≈?90% biodegradation within a period of 28 days, with simultaneous increase in soil nutrients. Moreover, the pH remained in the accepted limit for plant growth. Thus, antimicrobial in the film did not hamper its biodegradation, rather disposal of the film in soil might facilitate plant growth.     

黄淮海地区干热风灾害致灾因子时空特征分析

黄淮海地区是我国冬小麦主产区,也是干热风灾害危害最重、影响最广的地区,本研究利用黄淮海冬麦主产区81个站点1961-2017年的逐日气象数据和冬小麦生育期资料,分析了该地区小麦成熟期和干热风致灾因子的时空变化特征。在81个测站中,有23个成熟期提前趋势显著或极显著,但大部地区成熟期变化趋势不显著,有63%的站点未通过显著性检验。对干热风致灾因子达标日数和相似系数的分析表明,达到干热风灾害阈值的概率依次为14:00风速>14:00相对湿度>日最高气温,最高气温是形成干热风的主要限制因素,轻干热风的发生最高气温和相对湿度起主要作用,重干热风则是高温胁迫起决定作用,低湿条件使胁迫加重,风速只起辅助作用。揭示了该地区干热风危害总体减轻的气象条件基础,即干热风3要素表现为最高气温略降、14:00相对湿度略增、14:00风速明显减小的特征,3要素均向有利于减轻干热风发生的方向变化,对于冬小麦籽粒灌浆和产量形成是有利的。但灌浆成熟期内最低气温的显著升高,意味着气温日较差减小、小麦夜间呼吸消耗增大,对其干物质积累和产量形成带来潜在不利影响。     

大容积无缝气瓶瓶口外螺纹修复方法及安全分析

为确定不同瓶口壁厚气瓶的外螺纹修复方式,采用数值和理论方法,通过分析外螺纹修复后气瓶的瓶体应力分布、周向转动和轴向窜动情况,对直接加工和采用热套工艺加装衬环2种瓶口外螺纹修复方式的安全性进行评价。结果表明:针对内螺纹规格为3-1/4″-8UN的气瓶,当采用直接加工方式将外螺纹修复至4-1/2″-8UN时,气瓶最大应力位于气瓶筒体上,此时气瓶可安全使用;当已修复至4-1/2″-8UN的瓶口外螺纹再次出现磨损时,直接加工的修复方式会对气瓶的安全使用造成影响,应采用热套工艺加装衬环方式修复瓶口螺纹。     

MnO_2对海底沉积物ANAMMOX菌的富集培养影响

采用上流式固定床反应器,在常温下连续运行,考察MnO2对海洋性ANAMMOX菌富集培养的影响,其中接种的海洋海底沉积物采自大连市附近海域。结果表明,在反应器运行近150 d中,加入MnO2的R1反应器的最大总氮去除速率为137.82 g N/(m3·d),比没有加入MnO2的R2反应器高出近20 g N/(m3·d)。在低温环境(10~15℃)运行时,R1反应器的氨氮和亚硝氮去除率比R2反应器均高出10%,且R1反应器对温度变化的适应性和运行稳定性都好于R2反应器。这表明MnO2的加入确实在一定程度上促进了海洋性ANAMMOX细菌的富集,并增强了ANAMMOX反应器对温度变化的适应性,使其能够在较宽的温度范围下运行。     

Determination of 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) induction in leaping mullet (Liza saliens) from the highly contaminated Aliaga Bay, Turkey

Pollution of the aquatic environment is a global concern owing to the devastating effects of contaminants whose levels are growing at an alarming rate, and it has become a major threat for marine organisms, as well as to humans as consumers. This study has been carried out on leaping mullet obtained from Aliaga Bay, which is located on the west coast of the Aegean Sea near Izmir and hosts the world’s fifth largest shipyard, plus a broad range of industrial activities, including an oil refinery and a paper factory. The waste from these industries, combined with municipal sewer discharges, is the main cause of pollution in this region. There is no national documentation or research on the determination of pollution resulting from the industrial activities in this area. In the present study, the degree of induction of CYP4501A-associated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity and immunochemical detection of CYP1A1 in the liver of leaping mullet (Lisa saliens) were used as biomarkers for the assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-type organic pollutants in Aliaga Bay. Mullet caught from different locations of the bay had approximately 52 times more EROD activity than the feral fish sampled from a clean reference site near Foca, Izmir. The results of this study indicate that Aliaga Bay is highly contaminated with PAH-type organic pollutants.