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181.
D'Alessandro W Bellomo S Parello F Bonfanti P Brusca L Longo M Maugeri R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):2845-2855
Water samples collected from public drinking water supplies in Sicily were analysed for electric conductivity and for their
chloride, sulphate and nitrate contents. The samples were collected as uniformly as possible from throughout the Sicilian
territory, with an average sampling density of about one sample for every 7,600 inhabitants. Chloride contents that ranged
from 5.53 to 1,302 mg/l were correlated strongly with electric conductivity, a parameter used as a proxy for water salinity.
The highest values are attributable to seawater contamination along the coasts of the island. High chloride and sulphate values
attributable to evaporitic rock dissolution were found in the central part of Sicily. The nitrate concentrations ranged from
0.05 to 296 mg/l, with 31 samples (4.7% of the total) exceeding the maximum admissible concentration of 50 mg/l. Anomalous
samples always came from areas of intensive agricultural usage, indicating a clear anthropogenic origin. The same parameters
were also measured in bottled water sold in Sicily, and they all were within the ranges for public drinking water supplies.
The calculated mean nitrate intake from consuming public water supplies (16.1 mg/l) did not differ significantly from that
of bottled water (15.2 mg/l). Although the quality of public water supplies needs to be improved by eliminating those that
do not comply with the current drinking water limits, at present it does not justify the high consumption of bottled water
(at least for nitrate contents). 相似文献
182.
Gerenutti M Gonçalves MM Rissato SR de Oliveira JM dos Santos Reigota MA Galhiane MS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(7):4425-4433
This work presents a liquid disposal monitoring originated from uranium enrichment process at Aramar Experimental Center from 1990 to 1998. Assessment of uranium, fluorides, ammoniacal nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and pH measurements were made in water samples and compared with results achieved in other countries, as North America and India. The liquid disposal evaluation, generated by uranium enrichment process, showed low levels, considering most parameters established by Federal and State Legislation, aiming environmental pollution control. However, uranium levels were above the limits established by Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente, Environment Protection Agency and mainly by the World Health Organization. 相似文献
183.
Débora?Bonfim?Neves?da?Silva Eduardo?Monteiro?Martins Sergio?Machado?CorrêaEmail author 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2016,188(5):289
The ozone in Rio de Janeiro has been in violation of national air quality standards. Among all of the monitoring stations, the Bangu neighbourhood has the most violations of the national standard of 160 μg m?3 for the years 2012 and 2013. This study evaluated the reactivity of the carbonyls and aromatics in the tropospheric ozone formation processes. The samples were collected between July and October of 2013. Carbonyls were sampled using SiO2 cartridges coated with C18 and impregnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and were analysed by HPLC. Activated carbon cartridges and GC/MS were used to measure the concentration of monoaromatic hydrocarbons. An air quality monitoring station provided the concentrations of the criteria pollutants and the meteorological parameters. Cluster analysis and a Pearson correlation matrix were used to determine the formation of groups and the correlation of the variables. The evaluation of the volatile organic compounds (VOC) reaction with OH radicals and the MIR scale was used to extrapolate the reactivity of VOCs to the ozone formation. The average concentrations obtained were 19.7 and 51.9 μg m?3 for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, respectively. The mean concentrations obtained for aromatics were 1.5, 6.7, 1.5, 2.6 and 1.6 μg m?3 for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, m+p-xylene and o-xylene, respectively. The cluster analysis indicated the presence of three similar groups, with one formed by gaseous criteria pollutants, another formed by the meteorological parameters, ozone and fine particles, and the last group formed by the aromatics. For the two reactivity scales evaluated, acetaldehyde and toluene were the main ozone precursors. 相似文献
184.
Methylmercury production in the water column of an ultraoligotrophic lake of Northern Patagonia, Argentina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Methyl-mercury (CH3Hg+) production was studied in freshwaters from lake Moreno, an ultraoligotrophic system belonging to Northern Patagonia. Hg2+ labelled with high specific activity 197Hg was spiked to water samples in concentrations of 10 ng l(-1), and incubated in laboratory for 3d time trends under different conditions. Experimental water was sampled daily to evaluate CH3(197)Hg+ production. Lake water used in the experiments was sampled just below the upper limit of the metalimnion ( approximately 30 m depth), where maximum values of chlorophyll a have been measured previously. Sampling was performed in late autumn, when the plankton fraction <50 microm exhibited mercury concentrations up to 260 microg g(-1) dry weight. The experiments analysed lake water filtered through 50, 20, and 0.2 microm (filter-sterilized) mesh nets. ASTM grade 1 water was also incubated for control. All the experiments were run in an environmental chamber under controlled temperature and light regime. High Hg2+ conversion to CH3Hg+, up to 50%, was measured in lake water, in a process stimulated by light. CH3Hg+ production was two-fold higher after 3d of incubation with illumination compared to total darkness. Sterile lake water showed conversions up to 30%, while the planktonic components seem to enhance the CH3Hg+ production. Overall, our results provide evidence that lake Moreno waters favour CH3Hg+ production in processes stimulated by light. Although biotic components certainly contribute to enhance mercury methylation, water chemistry plays a key role in this process. We hypothesize that dissolved organic matter, particularly its quality, could be decisive. 相似文献
185.
Delia Cavallo Cinzia L. Ursini Patrizia Di Filippo Aureliano Ciervo Sergio Spicaglia Donatella Pomata Federica Incoronato Sergio Iavicoli 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2009,9(1-2):69-77
Airborne particulate matter (PM) extracts were investigated for their content of organic compounds and for the direct and oxidative DNA damage induced on lung epithelial cells A549. PM10 was seasonally collected at two monitoring sites (Stations 1 and 2), characterized by different traffic loads. The cells were exposed for 30 min to extracts of PM10 diluted at 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1% for summer samples, and at 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.15% for winter samples. Oxidative and direct DNA damage were evaluated by formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (fpg) comet assay analyzing tail moment (TM) values from fpg-enzyme-treated cells (TMenz) and enzyme untreated cells (TM) respectively and by comet percentage analysis. Measurements relating to Station 2 showed higher levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and their methyl-(methyl-PAHs) and nitro-(nitro-PAHs) derivatives in both the seasons. Nitro-PAH concentrations were higher in summer than in winter at both the stations. We found a significant increase of comet percentages at the highest dose of extract from both stations in summer and from Station 2 in winter. The TM and TMenz values relative to the summer sampling showed an early oxidative DNA damage induction also followed by direct DNA damage more evident at Station 2, that seems to correlate with the presence of higher nitro-PAH concentrations during the warm season. At both monitoring stations, the results from winter sampling campaign showed a direct DNA damage induction at 0.1% of extract and oxidative-direct DNA damage at the highest dose (0.15%). 相似文献
186.
Landfilling is nowadays the most common practice of waste management in Italy in spite of enforced regulations aimed at increasing waste pre-sorting as well as energy and material recovery. In this work we analyse selected alternative scenarios aimed at minimizing the unused material fraction to be delivered to the landfill. The methodological framework of the analysis is the life cycle assessment, in a multi-method form developed by our research team. The approach was applied to the case of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Rome, with a special focus on energy and material balance, including global and local scale airborne emissions. Results, provided in the form of indices and indicators of efficiency, effectiveness and environmental impacts, point out landfill activities as the worst waste management strategy at a global scale. On the other hand, the investigated waste treatments with energy and material recovery allow important benefits of greenhouse gas emission reduction (among others) but are still affected by non-negligible local emissions. Furthermore, waste treatments leading to energy recovery provide an energy output that, in the best case, is able to meet 15% of the Rome electricity consumption. 相似文献
187.
Rauda Lúcia Mariani Sergio Silva Pereira Regiani Carvalho-Oliveira Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(6):1767-1770
The present study was designed to explore the correlation between the frequency of micronuclei in Trad-MN, measured across 28 biomonitoring stations during the period comprised between 11 of May and 2 of October, 2006, and adjusted mortality rates due to cardiovascular, respiratory diseases and cancer in Sao José dos Campos, Brazil, an area with different sources of air pollution. For controlling purposes, mortality rate due to gastrointestinal diseases (an event less prone to be affected by air pollution) was also considered in the analysis. Spatial distribution of micronuclei frequency was determined using average interpolation. The association between health estimators and micronuclei frequency was determined by measures of Pearson's correlation. Higher frequencies of micronuclei were detected in areas with high traffic and close to a petrochemical pole. Significant associations were detected between micronuclei frequency and adjusted mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases (r = 0.841, p = 0.036) and cancer (r = 0.890, p = 0.018). The association between mortality due to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases was positive but did not reach statistical significance (r = 0.640, p = 0.172), probably because of the small number of events. Gastrointestinal mortality did not exhibit significant association with micronuclei frequency. Because the small number of observations and the nature of an ecological study, the present findings must be considered with caution and considered as preliminary. Further studies, performed in different conditions of contamination and climate should be done before considering Trad-MN in the evaluation of human health risk imposed by air pollutants. 相似文献
188.
Mar′?a Arrib′ere Mar′?a C Di′eguez Sergio Ribeiro Guevar Claudia P Queimali?nos Vesna Fajon Mariana Reissig Milena Horvat 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(8):1171-1178
The deep, ultraoligotrophic piedmont lakes of Northern Patagonia (Argentina) are located in pristine and barely impacted areas,
along a wide latitudinal range. Several studies have reported moderate to high total mercury (Hg) concentrations and contrasting
methylmercury (CH3Hg+) production in di erent lake compartments. Sources of Hg for western Patagonian terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems are still not clear; while point sources can be ruled out and atmospheric deposition is a plausible source, along with
contribution from active volcanic areas of the Andes. In this investigation, we reported a noticeably seasonal, spatial (between lake
branches), and vertical (between water column strata) heterogeneity in the total Hg concentrations found in the pelagic zone of Lake
Moreno. Sterile water samples taken in a depth profile of the lake showed moderate to high concentrations of CH3Hg+ in autumn with
a decreasing trend with depth. Our results indicated that Hg is largely allocated in the plankton fraction between 10–53 m; which
dominated within the euphotic (epilimnetic) zone of the lake due to the high densities attained by two species of the dinoflagellate
Gymnodinium. The 53–200 m planktonic size fraction (comprising rotifers, ciliates and immature stages of crustaceans) and the > 200
m fraction (calanoid copepods and cladocerans) were found to bear strikingly lower total Hg concentrations, suggesting that the
magnification of Hg at the planktonic consumer level is negligible. 相似文献
189.
Turrio-Baldassarri L Abate V Alivernini S Battistelli CL Carasi S Casella M Iacovella N Iamiceli AL Indelicato A Scarcella C La Rocca C 《Chemosphere》2007,67(9):1822-1830
This study deals with a PCB, PCDD and PCDF contamination in Brescia, a city in the North-West of Italy, affecting an area with about 11000 inhabitants. The area is close to an industrial plant that produced, in total, some 31,000 ton of PCB. A relevant part of the polluted area is agricultural soil, where cattle were fed with polluted forage and farmers were consuming their own products, so that contamination led eventually to human exposure. Total levels of PCDD/Fs varied from 8 to 592 pgTE(WHO)/g for soil samples and when the dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) are included, the levels varied from 14.6 to 1033.7 pgTE(WHO)/g. In several cases, the legal limit was exceeded by more than one order of magnitude, with the highest contamination in some agricultural areas and in the surrounding zones. For the forage samples, total levels of PCDD/Fs varied from 0.29 to 2.04 pgTE(WHO)/g and, when dl-PCBs are included, this range increased from 2.04 to 4.75 pgTE(WHO)/g. PCB contamination of the forage through vapor condensation seemed to be relevant. The toxic contribution of dl-PCBs is always relevant and must be considered for risk management. The main component of the contamination source is probably a heavy PCB mixture, such as Aroclor 1262. The study dealt generally with the contamination transfer of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs from soil up to humans across the food chain. Results on soils and forages are shown, while measurements concerning the contamination of the animals fed with contaminated forage, and the exposure of the farmers (through human serum analyses), as compared to general population, will be reported in a dedicated paper. 相似文献
190.
Rufino Francesco Busico Gianluigi Cuoco Emilio Muscariello Lidia Calabrese Sergio Tedesco Dario 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):2083-2099
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - An integrated approach using chemical and microbial indicators has been tested in two different sites of the Campania Plain (Southern Italy) with different... 相似文献