Temporal distribution patterns of metals in water,sediment, and components of the trophic structure in a tropical coastal lagoon of the Gulf of Mexico

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trophic transfer and bioaccumulation of trace metals have a profound impact on the structure and function of coastal areas; however, the metal...     

Applications of Cr-rich composted tannery sludge in the soil decrease microbial biomass and select specific bacterial groups

The tannery industries generate a solid waste known as tannery sludge, which is composed of organic and inorganic compounds, mainly chromium (Cr). When Cr is not removed from the tannery sludge, this solid waste is metal-rich and its application could affect the soil microorganisms. Alternatively, the composting of the tannery sludge can contribute to decreasing the concentration of Cr in the composted tannery sludge (CTS). However, in some cases, the concentration of Cr remains high in the CTS. During the last 10 years, the Cr-rich CTS has been successively applied in the soil, and its effect on soil microbial properties was verified. Here, we discuss the effect of successive applications of Cr-rich CTS on soil microbes. Interestingly, the findings have shown that successive applications of Cr-rich CTS selected specific soil microbial groups with potential functions. In addition, the studies added a new focus to further research evaluating the potential effect of successive applications of Cr-rich CTS on the rare microbial community.

     

Hunting for common ground between wildlife governance and commons scholarship

Wildlife hunting is essential to livelihoods and food security in many parts of the world, yet present rates of extraction may threaten ecosystems and human communities. Thus, governing sustainable wildlife use is a major social dilemma and conservation challenge. Commons scholarship is well positioned to contribute theoretical insights and analytic tools to better understand the interface of social and ecological dimensions of wildlife governance, yet the intersection of wildlife studies and commons scholarship is not well studied. We reviewed existing wildlife-hunting scholarship, drawing on a database of 1,410 references, to examine the current overlap with commons scholarship through multiple methods, including social network analysis and deductive coding. We found that a very small proportion of wildlife scholarship incorporated commons theories and frameworks. The social network of wildlife scholarship was densely interconnected with several major publication clusters, whereas the wildlife commons scholarship was sparse and isolated. Despite the overarching gap between wildlife and commons scholarship, a few scholars are studying wildlife commons. The small body of scholarship that bridges these disconnected literatures provides valuable insights into the understudied relational dimensions of wildlife and other overlapping common-pool resources. We suggest increased engagement among wildlife and commons scholars and practitioners to improve the state of knowledge and practice of wildlife governance across regions, particularly for bushmeat hunting in the tropics, which is presently understudied through a common-pool resource lens. Our case study of the Republic of Congo showed how the historical context and interrelationships between hunting and forest rights are essential to understanding the current state of wildlife governance and potential for future interventions. A better understanding of the interconnections between wildlife and overlapping common-pool resource systems may be key to understanding present wildlife governance challenges and advancing the common-pool resource research agenda.     

Recycled Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Jute Fabric from Sackcloth: Part I-Preparation and Preliminary Assessment

In recent times, environmental safety has been on priority in the development of new materials leading to a recycling and reuse approach to conserve the materials resources. This has resulted in more focus on the application of natural materials such as lignocellulosic fibers. This paper presents the characterization of continuous and aligned jute fabrics obtained from new and used sacks as well as the preparation and characterization of their composites incorporated into recycled polyethylene or as isolated pieces up to 40 wt%. These environmentally friendly composites were subjected to bend test and the fracture surface analyzed by SEM. The fabric from new sacks showed greater damage tolerance than that from the used sacks. The flexural stress increased steadily with increasing used fabric content up to 30 wt%, which is explained using fractographic studies on ruptured specimens. Used jute fabric composites are found to be viable alternative materials for low strength conventional materials based on cost–performance comparison with conventional materials.     

The Potential of Cleaner Fermentation Processes for Bioplastic Production: A Narrative Review of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and Polylactic Acid (PLA)

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Synthetic plastics generate major problems in landfills after their consumption for occupying high volumes and difficult the decomposition of other organic...