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101.
102.
Modern mechanical–biological waste treatment plants for the stabilization of both the source-separated organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) and the mixed stream of municipal solid wastes (MSW) include a mechanical pretreatment step to separate recyclable materials such as plastics, glass or metals, before biological treatment of the resulting organic material. In this work, the role of storage and mechanical pretreatment steps in the stabilization of organic matter has been studied by means of respiration techniques. Results have shown that a progressive stabilization of organic matter occurs during the pretreatment of the source-separated OFMSW, which is approximately 30% measured by the dynamic respiration index. In the case of mixed MSW, the stabilization occurring during the reception and storage of MSW is compensated by the effect of concentration of organic matter that the pretreatment step provokes on this material. Both results are crucial for the operation of the succeeding biological process. Finally, respiration indices have been shown to be suitable for the monitoring of the pretreatment steps in mechanical–biological waste treatment plants, with a strong positive correlation between the dynamic respiration index and the cumulative respiration index across all samples tested. 相似文献
103.
Andrea Gori Sergio Rossi Elisa Berganzo Joan Lluis Pretus Mark R. T. Dale Josep-Maria Gili 《Marine Biology》2011,158(1):143-158
Most of the current knowledge on Mediterranean gorgonians is restricted to investigations of those populations found within
shallow sublittoral waters, and only limited data are available for populations located below scuba depth. To overcome this
lack of information, the occurrence and abundance of the gorgonians Eunicella singularis, Paramuricea clavata, and Leptogorgia sarmentosa were investigated in northwestern Mediterranean benthic communities over a wide geographical (60 km of coastline) and bathymetrical
(0–70 m deep) extent using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The greatest occurrence and abundances of E. singularis and P. clavata were concentrated in areas that are directly exposed to strong near-bottom currents. E. singularis was the most common and abundant species and displayed great plasticity and amplitude in its environmental preferences. Conversely,
P. clavata showed a very patchy distribution that was associated with vertical rocky walls. Only isolated colonies of L. sarmentosa were observed in the study area. Hot spots of abundance of E. singularis and P. clavata were identified below a depth of 40 m, which demonstrates the importance of studying the distribution of benthic species
over a wide geographical and bathymetrical extent. 相似文献
104.
Antonio Velasco Sergio Hernández Martha Ramírez 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):498-504
Organochlorine pesticides were intensively used in Mexico from 1950 until their ban and restriction in 1991. However, the presence of these compounds is commonly reported in many regions of the country. The aim of the present study was to identify and quantify residual organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural soil in Rio Verde region, San Luis Potosi state, which has been identified as possibly polluted by pesticides. Composed samples from 24 zones covering an area of approximately 5,440 ha were analyzed. The most frequently found pesticides were p,p´-DDT followed by ,p,p´-DDE, heptachlor, endosulfan and γ-HCH whose frequency rates were 100, 91, 83 and 54%, respectively. The concentration of p,p´-DDT in the crops grown in these soils was in the following order: chili > maize > tomato > alfalfa. The results obtained in this study show that p,p´-DDT values are lower or similar to those found in other agricultural regions of Mexico. Methyl and ethyl parathion were the most frequent organophosphate pesticide detected in 100% and 62.5% of the samples with average concentrations of 25.20 and 47.48 μg kg–1, respectively. More research is needed to establish the background levels of pesticides in agricultural soils and their potential ecological and human health effects in this region. 相似文献
105.
Sergio F. Galeano Byron M. Dillard 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):195-199
The body of information presented in this paper is directed to those individuals concerned with the air pollution control problems of the pulp and paper industry operation. Process modifications introduced at two Company mills, at Big Island, Va. and Tomahawk, Wis., where neutral sulfite semichemical pulping of hardwoods is performed at rates of 550 and 630 tons per day, respectively, are discussed. The methodology and concepts used to minimize total reduced sulfur and total sulfur oxide emissions from the recovery furnace of one of the operations are explained. In another major improvement already implemented in the Big Island Mill conventional hydrogen sulfide emissions from the sulfiting tower, on the order of 8–10 lb as sulfur per ton of pulp, have been completely eliminated by a process modification technique. Other aspects of the operations are described, and a forecast of possible emission levels for mills with a newer technology is made. 相似文献
106.
da Rosa Salles Theodoro da Silva Bruckamann Franciele Viana Altevir Rossato Krause Luciana Maria Fontanari Mortari Sergio Roberto Rhoden Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(7):2695-2713
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - This study reports a simple methodology of obtaining magnetic nanocrystalline cellulose under very mild conditions employing only Fe2+ as the iron source,... 相似文献
107.
Vigni Lorenza Li Daskalopoulou Kyriaki Calabrese Sergio Kyriakopoulos Konstantinos Parello Francesco Brugnone Filippo D’Alessandro Walter 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):2111-2133
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Geothermal areas of Greece are located in regions affected by recent volcanism and in continental basins characterised by elevated heat flow. Many of them... 相似文献
108.
Donato F Magoni M Bergonzi R Scarcella C Indelicato A Carasi S Apostoli P 《Chemosphere》2006,64(9):1562-1572
High levels of PCBs were recently found in soil, food and some farmers living close to a chemical factory which until the 1980s had produced polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Brescia, North Italy. We performed a survey on a random sample of subjects aged 20-79 years living in various areas of the town with different levels of soil pollution to investigate factors associated with increased levels of PCB in serum (24 congeners were tested). Total PCB values were closely related to age (Spearman r=0.68; p<0.0001). The 166 consumers of locally produced food had higher PCB levels than non-consumers (median=1143 versus 719; 95th centile=9301 versus 2635ng/g lipid) with the highest levels among consumers of food produced in the most contaminated area close to the factory (median=2551; 95th centile=33464ng/g lipid). A dose-effect relationship between consumption of food produced in this area and PCB blood levels was observed (Spearman r=0.52, p=0.0014). Consumers of only plant food produced in this area had higher levels of PCB than non-consumers (median=1100; 95th centile=10,800ng/g lipid). Three subjects who had worked at the factory in the past showed high PCB levels. Distribution of PCB congeners did not differ between consumers of locally produced food and non-consumers, apart from PCB 209 which was found at high levels in former factory workers and was more common among consumers of food produced in the polluted area. In conclusion, we found high serum PCB levels in humans living in a highly polluted area in an industrialized town in Italy, due mainly to consumption of food produced in polluted areas. 相似文献
109.
Kröpfl K Vladár P Szabó K Acs E Borsodi AK Szikora S Caroli S Záray G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(2):626-631
Natural biofilms were simultaneously grown on granite, polished granite, andesite, polycarbonate and Plexi-glass substrata for six weeks in the Tisza River. Biofilm production and abundance of algae were influenced by the substratum. Magnitude of the substratum effect was andesite相似文献
110.
Guerra SA Lane DD Marotz GA Carter RE Hohl CM Baldauf RW 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2006,56(11):1525-1531
Field data for coarse particulate matter ([PM] PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were collected at selected sites in Southeast Kansas from March 1999 to October 2000, using portable MiniVol particulate samplers. The purpose was to assess the influence on air quality of four industrial facilities that burn hazardous waste in the area located in the communities of Chanute, Independence, Fredonia, and Coffeyville. Both spatial and temporal variation were observed in the data. Variation because of sampling site was found to be statistically significant for PM10 but not for PM2.5. PM10 concentrations were typically slightly higher at sites located within the four study communities than at background sites. Sampling sites were located north and south of the four targeted sources to provide upwind and downwind monitoring pairs. No statistically significant differences were found between upwind and downwind samples for either PM10 or PM2.5, indicating that the targeted sources did not contribute significantly to PM concentrations. Wind direction can frequently contribute to temporal variation in air pollutant concentrations and was investigated in this study. Sampling days were divided into four classifications: predominantly south winds, predominantly north winds, calm/variable winds, and winds from other directions. The effect of wind direction was found to be statistically significant for both PM10 and PM2.5. For both size ranges, PM concentrations were typically highest on days with predominantly south winds; days with calm/variable winds generally produced higher concentrations than did those with predominantly north winds or those with winds from "other" directions. The significant effect of wind direction suggests that regional sources may exert a large influence on PM concentrations in the area. 相似文献