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101.
This study investigated the relative toxicity of water-based cuttings (WBC) and synthetic oil-based cuttings (SOBC) to the marine species, Metamysidopsis insularis. Results obtained indicate that SOBC (LC50 1.2 (0.85–1.6)%) was more toxic to M. insularis than WBC (LC50 9.9 (8.3–11.8)%), with similar metal contents in both types of cuttings. The elevated levels of metals found in the cuttings when compared to surficial sediments may be due to both drilling fluids, as well as the rock strata from which the cuttings were obtained. Furthermore, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analyses demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of TPH present in SOBC (14,680?±?1250?mg?kg?1) compared to WBC (860?±?115?mg?kg?1). This may also be due to the increased depth and hence oil bearing rock formations in the selected sampling area, along with the associated synthetic oil-based drilling fluid. These findings therefore supply evidence that drill cuttings after treatment prior to discharge are potentially toxic to marine organisms. 相似文献
102.
Magnetic particles prepared via co-precipitation and impregnated onto wheat husk (MN-WH) were used for the removal of methyl blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Experiments were conducted in a batch mode for optimization regarding pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentrations, and temperature. Maximum adsorption (98%) was achieved at pH 5. The adsorption data were fitted into pseudo-first, pseudo-second, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich equation revealing that adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The four most common isotherm models, i.e. the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R), were used to evaluate the data, with the best fit to a Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.996), followed by a Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.995), indicating monolayer adsorption of MB on the surface of MN-WH. Thermodynamic parameters calculated from the Van't Hoff equation revealed that the adsorption is exothermic (ΔHº = ?19.7 kJ mol?1). 相似文献
103.
Muhammad H. H. B. Asad Ryan J. R. McCleary Ilnur Salafutdinov Fiaz Alam Hamid Saeed Shah Sumbal Bibi 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-2):91-116
Because of the potential of significant geographic variation in the compositions of snake venoms, much insight can be gained by examining individuals originating from diverse locations, and detailed characterization of any species can only be done by including animals from the entire range. Pakistani N. naja (formerly N. naja karachiensis) venom was decomplexed by applying diverse techniques and found a concoction of proteins (a total of 43 venomous proteins comprising 11 super families) from 6 to 200 kilodaltons in size. Among them three finger toxins (58%), phosphoplipses A2 (19%), snake venom metalloproteinases (5%), l-amino acid oxidases (5%), helvepryns (3%), vespryns (2%), cobra venom factor (2%), 5′-nucleotidases (2%), venom nerve growth factor (2%), and Kunitz type serine protease inhibitor (2%) were included. It is the first report that this venom possesses significantly higher percentage of three finger toxins belonging to the cytotoxins (32% overall) and α‐neurotoxins (32% overall, predominately long chain neurotoxins, 24% overall) compared to N. naja from other geographic locations. Better understanding of intraspecific variations in venom can improve the development of location-specific anti-venoms. Furthermore, this pool of diverse toxins could potentially be a source of novel drug candidates for the treatment of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors mediated nervous disorders. 相似文献
104.
Eleven metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb) were estimated in hair samples of metal arc welders and a control group with the same socioeconomic background. Nitric acid–perchloric acid wet digestion procedure was adopted for the estimation of endogenous metal contents by ICP-AE technique. The study exhibited the following increasing order of the metal concentrations: Cd??1, dry weight, respectively. On average, the levels of Mn, Ni, Pb and Fe were found to be 1.5–2.4 times higher in the hair of welders compared with controls. Besides age and exposure which were strongly correlated, Cu–Mg, Mn–Mg, Ca–Co and Cd–Zn also showed significantly positive correlations. The identification of metal sources, done by cluster and principal component analyses, revealed four factors: age and exposure; Cu, Mg, Mn and Fe; Ca and Co; Cd, Zn, Ni and Pb. High levels of Fe were found to have a depleting impact on Co levels. The arc welders were feared to accumulate heavy metals in their bodies due to long-term endogenous exposure. 相似文献
105.
Nawaz Haq Shah Mohibbullah Nishan Umar Iqbal Jibran Mannan Rabia 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(11):3548-3560
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The alkali-soluble cell wall polysaccharides (CWPs), extracted from Nelumbo nucifera rhizome flour (NNRF), were treated with microwave radiation to modify... 相似文献
106.
Singh RP Tewari A Shah S Tewari B 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(3):297-299
Fruits of Aisandra butyracea (Roxb.) Lamb. were collected from two sites located at different altitudes in Kumaun Himalaya for analyzing the seed maturity in relation to various fruit and seed characters. The mean seed size (length x width) across the collection dates varied between 186.44 +/- 0.05 and 238.17 +/- 0.5 mm2 across both the elevations. The fruit colour changed from dark green in the beginning to pale yellow on the maturity. The range of seed moisture content (62.83 +/- 1.33 to 63.46 +/- 0.89%) coincided with maximum germination. The colour change and seed moisture content appear to be the major indicators of seed maturation in A. butyracea. 相似文献
107.
Developing the first halophytic turfgrasses for the urban landscape from native Arabian desert grass
Zamin Muhammad Fahad Shah Khattak Abdul Mateen Adnan Muhammad Wahid Fazli Raza Ahmad Wang Depeng Saud Shah Noor Muhammad Bakhat Hafiz Faiq Mubeen Muhammad Hammad Hafiz Mohkum Soliman Mona. H. Elkelish Amr A. Riaz Muhammad Nasim Wajid 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(32):39702-39716
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Climate change is occurring and is influencing biological systems through augmented temperatures, more inconstant precipitation, and rising CO2 in the... 相似文献
108.
109.
Najm us Saqib Rohana Adnan Irfan Shah 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(16):15941-15951
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been considered a useful material for the treatment of wastewater due to its non-toxic character, chemical stability and excellent electrical and optical properties which contribute in its wide range of applications, particularly in environmental remediation technology. However, the wide band gap of TiO2 photocatalyst (anatase phase, 3.20 eV) limits its photocatalytic activity to the ultraviolet region of light. Besides that, the electron-hole pair recombination has been found to reduce the efficiency of the photocatalyst. To overcome these problems, tailoring of TiO2 surface with rare earth metals to improve its surface, optical and photocatalytic properties has been investigated by many researchers. The surface modifications with rare earth metals proved to enhance the efficiency of TiO2 photocatalyts by way of reducing the band gap by shifting the working wavelength to the visible region and inhibiting the anatase-to-rutile phase transformations. This review paper summarises the attempts on modification of TiO2 using rare earth metals describing their effect on the photocatalytic activities of the modified TiO2 photocatalyst. 相似文献
110.
Jabir Hussain Syed Ambreen Alamdar Ashiq Mohammad Karam Ahad Zunera Shabir Haroon Ahmed Syeda Maria Ali Syed Gul Abbas Shah Sani Habib Bokhari Kevin D. Gallagher Iftikhar Ahmad Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(23):13367-13393
The main objective of the review is to document, assess and analyze the results of the previously reported data on levels of different pesticides in selected fruits and vegetables from Pakistan. The findings of the previous studies clearly indicated that more than 50 % of the samples were contaminated with organophosphate, pyrethroids and organochlorine pesticides. Many studies reported that among fresh fruits and vegetables tomato, apple, melon, mango, grapes, and plum crossed the FAO/WHO permissible limits for these contaminants residual levels. The comparison of other regions showed that observed levels were found above maximum residue limits (MRLs) in 50 % of the samples but were in agreement with the studies from neighboring countries like China and Bangladesh. Higher hazard risk index (HRI) values were calculated for dieldrin, methamidophos, o,p′-DDT, diazinon and p,p′-DDT in apple, mango, banana, melon, potato and onion. The review also highlights that data on pesticide residues in foodstuff is scarce which should be overcome by further extending studies from different areas of Pakistan. In order to ascertain the provision of food suitable for human consumption, it is imperative to monitor pesticides in food commodities by the country’s authorities and enforce guidelines based on permissible limits. 相似文献