水和废水中氯离子的自动电位滴定

采用自动电位滴定法测定水和废水中的氯离子,研究了酸度和介质及各种离子对测定的影响。实验结果表明,本法具有高选择性,而且操作手续简便快捷,分析结果准确可靠。     

城市绿地温室气体通量监测与减排研究

采用LGR-密闭式动态通量箱法对城市绿地生态系统温室气体(CO₂、CH₄)通量的日变化、季节变化特征及其影响因子等进行了较为系统的研究。城市绿地花草CO₂通量有明显的日变化和季节变化特征,白天通量值为负,是CO₂的净吸收汇;夜晚为正值,是CO₂的净释放源;7:00左右由源转为汇,17:00左右由汇转为源,不同花卉24 h总通量有正负2种结果。冬季草坪作为源的时间延长,而作为汇的时间缩短。光强和温度是影响CO₂通量日变化和季节变化的主要因素。城市绿地CH₄通量较小,不足以对温室气体总量产生显著影响。从减少温室气体排放的角度对城市绿地花草的选择提出了建议。     

Exploration of the key functional strains from an azo dye degradation microbial community by DGGE and high-throughput sequencing technology

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study investigated a previously developed thermophilic microbial community with the ability to effectively degrade azo dyes. To identify the key...     

基于元胞自动机数学模型的瓦斯抽采管道漏点定位研究

为了解决普通数学模型难以准确描述瓦斯抽采管道内流体的流动状态问题，提出了以元胞自动机模型为基础的瓦斯抽采管道漏点定位模型。根据元胞自动机在空间和时间上离散化的特性来演化管道流体在时空上的连续变化，将管径变化、管壁粗糙度、管构异件种类和数量以及温度等参数沿管道进行离散化，利用元胞自动机理论以及管道两端的信号对管道沿线压力和流量等参数变化进行预测，以判断泄漏的发生和漏点定位。通过实验验证，该方法能提高漏点定位精度。     

Does new-type urbanization curb haze pollution? A case study from China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The rapid urbanization process has led to a high concentration of population and economic activities in urban space, thus leading to severe...     

环境工艺方法论研究——取长补短法

取长补短法是哲学意义上的一类非常重要的方法。本文论述了取长补短法的定义,列举了此法在环境工艺中的成果,并对其哲学内涵进行了探讨。     

基于硫桥杯[4]芳烃识别金属离子的荧光传感器的研究进展

综述了近些年以硫桥杯[4]芳烃为分子平台的新型荧光传感器的研究进展。详细介绍了不同基团修饰的硫桥杯芳烃衍生物通过非共价键作用力对Hg^2＋,Ag^＋,Fe^3＋,Cu^2＋等金属离子的选择性识别,并设计成不同类别的荧光传感器,以荧光光谱法为手段,进行分析研究。以杯芳烃为主体的荧光传感器具有简便快速、高选择性的特点,广泛应用于化学、生物、环境等领域。     

Premixed methane-air deflagrations in a completely adiabatic pipe and the effect of the condition of the pipe wall

A completely adiabatic pipe that is similar to a coal-mine coal or rock roadway was simulated using the computational software AutoReaGas. A partially adiabatic pipe was established using an experimental steel pipe with heat-insulating material installed in the inner wall, and a non-adiabatic pipe was also established using the experimental steel pipe without the heat-insulating material. Premixed methane/air deflagrations were studied in the three types of pipe to reveal the influence of the condition of the pipe wall on gas explosions. The results showed that in the completely adiabatic pipe, the maximum explosion overpressure was dynamic and decreased and increased with increasing distance; however, the flame-propagation speed increased gradually. In the partially adiabatic pipe and the non-adiabatic pipe, the maximum explosion overpressure and flame-propagation speed increased initially and then gradually decreased with increasing distance. The majority of explosion overpressure and flame-propagation speed values at each gauge in the completely adiabatic pipe were larger than those of the partially adiabatic pipe. Both measurements at each gauge in the partially adiabatic pipe were much greater than those of the non-adiabatic pipe. The condition of the pipe wall has a large influence on the maximum explosion overpressure and the flame-propagation speed. In future explosion experiments, heat insulating materials should be installed in the inner wall of steel pipes to obtain data for application to the prevention and control of gas explosions in underground coal mines.     

An analytical solution for estimating percolation rate by fitting temperature profiles in the vadose zone

We present a simple analytical solution for one-dimensional steady heat transfer with convection and conduction through a multilayer system such as a vadose zone. We assume that each layer is homogeneous and has a constant thermal diffusivity. The mass/heat flow direction is perpendicular to the layers, and the mass flow rate is a constant. The analytical solution presented in this study also assumes constant known temperatures at the two boundaries of the system. Although the analytical solution gives the temperature as a function of a few parameters, we focus on the inverse application to estimate the percolation rate in a vadose zone. Example applications have shown that with reliable field observation data, the solution can be used to determine the percolation rate to high degree of accuracy (e.g., to mm/year). In some other cases, the solution may also be helpful in characterizing potential lateral flow along layer divides.