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331.
332.
2009年12月~2010年1月调查了云南洱海流域中洱海、西湖和茈碧湖沿岸带周丛藻类群落的物种组成、生物量、群落多样性以及水体理化因子,并运用典范对应分析(CCA)探讨了影响周丛藻类群落结构的主要环境因子.结果表明,洱海周丛藻类优势种属是刚毛藻属、等片藻属、暗丝藻,而西湖和茈碧湖均以硅藻为主.洱海的周丛藻类生物量大于西湖和茈碧湖,最高值出现在洱海白族小庙(EH31), Chl-a达到78.71mg/cm2.洱海的绿藻密度也高于西湖和茈碧湖.茈碧湖的周丛藻类多样性最高,Shannon-wiener指数均值为2.47;西湖次之,Shannon-wiener指数均值为2.34;而处于流域下游的洱海沿岸带周丛藻类的耐污种数目增加,多样性最低.CCA结果表明水体中的NH4+及TP浓度是影响洱海流域物种分布的主要环境因子. 相似文献
333.
pH值对易腐有机垃圾厌氧发酵产物分布的影响 总被引:19,自引:4,他引:19
易腐有机垃圾的厌氧发酵(水解和酸化)程度和发酵类型受pH值的影响.批式实验结果表明:发酵液pH=7时有利于微生物的生长繁殖,从而促进碳水化合物的水解和酸化过程,还能促进可溶性蛋白的酸化过程.在不同pH值条件下,易腐有机垃圾的基本发酵类型为:pH=7时主要进行丁酸发酵;pH=8时丁酸发酵类型逐渐占优势;而pH=5时丙酸发酵类型逐渐占优势.乳酸是酸化初期的主要产物,但在发酵液的pH=5和pH=7条件下,乳酸可被微生物进一步代谢,而pH=8时乳酸却未能被代谢.在酸化初期醇的产生量大于挥发性脂肪酸,酸化后期pH=5和pH=7时挥发性脂肪酸与醇产生量比值为1.2~1.5∶1,而pH=8时两者比值为1.6~2.5∶1.pH为5、7和8三者的水解速率常数kh分别为0.000 8 h-1、0.000 9 h-1和0.000 2h-1.pH=7在反应时间t>100 h以后,发酵液中可溶态总有机碳全部由酸化产物组成,酸化完全;而pH=5和pH=8达到酸化完全的反应时间分别为t>300 h和t>600 h. 相似文献
334.
由于水源水质日趋恶化,使得常规的水处理工艺无法满足人类对饮用水水质的要求,膜技术分离效率高,出水水质稳定。介绍和分析了混凝一低压膜联用工艺的特点和技术关键问题,并指出了今后着重研究的重点。 相似文献
335.
Hui Xie Lusheng Zhu Tingting M Jun Wang Jinhua Wang Jun Su Bo Shao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(12):1930-1935
The free enzyme extracted from WZ-I,which was identified as Fusarium LK.ex Fx,could effectively degrade chlorpyrifos,an organophosphate insecticide.The methods of immobilizing this free enzyme and determined its degradation-related characteristics were investigated.The properties of the immobilized enzyme were compared with those of the free enzyme.The optimal immobilization of the enzyme was achieved in a solution of 30 g/L sodium alginate at 4°C for 4-12 hr.The immobilized enzyme showed the maximal activity at pH 8.0,45°C.The maximum initial rate and the substrate concentration of the immobilized enzyme were less than that of the free enzyme.The immobilized enzyme,therefore,had a higher capacity to withstand a broader range of temperatures and pH conditions than the free enzyme.With varying pH and temperatures,the immobilized enzyme was more active than the free enzyme in the degradation reaction.In addition,the immobilized enzyme exhibited only a slight loss in its initial activity,even after three repeated uses.The results showed that the immobilized enzyme was more resistant to different environmental conditions,suggesting that it was viable for future practical use. 相似文献
336.
Ruihan Zong Xue Yang Liang Wen Caihong Xu Yanhong Zhu Tianshu Chen Lan Yao Liwei Wang Junmei Zhang Lingxiao Yang Xinfeng Wang Min Shao Tong Zhu Likun Xue Wenxing Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(9):261-270
Regional ozone (O3) pollution has drawn increasing attention in China over the recent decade, but the contributions from urban pollution and biogenic emissions have not been clearly elucidated. To better understand the formation of the regional O3 problem in the North China Plain (NCP), intensive field measurements of O3 and related parameters were conducted at a rural site downwind of Ji'nan, the capital city of Shandong province, in the summer of 2013. Markedly severe O3 pollution was recorded, with the O3 mixing ratios exceeding the Chinese national ambient air quality standard on 28?days (a frequency of 78%) and with a maximum hourly value of 198 ppbv. Extensive regional transport of well-processed urban plumes to the site was identified. An observation-constrained chemical box model was deployed to evaluate in situ photochemical O3 production on two episodes. The results show that the in situ formation accounted for approximately 46% of the observed O3 accumulation, while the remainder (~ 54%) was contributed by regional transport of the O3-laden urban plumes. The in situ ozone production was in a mixed controlled regime that reducing either NOx or VOCs would lead to a reduction of ozone formation. Biogenic VOCs played an important role in the local ozone formation. This study demonstrates the significant mixed effects of both anthropogenic pollution from urban zones and biogenic emission in rural areas on the regional O3 pollution in the NCP region, and may have general applicability in facilitating the understanding of the formation of secondary pollution over China. 相似文献
337.
Recovery of phosphorus as struvite from sewage sludge ash 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phosphorus (P) is an element vital for all living organisms, yet the world's reserves of phosphate rock are becoming depleted. This study investigated an effective P recovery method from sludge ash via struvite precipitation. Results showed that more than 95% of the total P content was extracted from sludge ash by applying 0.5 mol/L HCl at a liquid/solid ratio of 50 mL/g. Although heavy metal leaching also occurred during P extraction, cation exchange resin efficiently removed the heavy metals from the P-rich solution. Orthogonal tests showed that the optimal parameters for P precipitation as struvite would be a Mg:N:P molar ratio of 1.6:1.6:1 at pH 10.0. X-ray diffraction analysis validated the formation of struvite. Further investigations revealed that the harvested precipitate had a high struvite content (97%), high P bioavailability (94%), and low heavy metal content, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer. 相似文献
338.
沸石的载铁改性及饮用水除氟试验研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
为避免使用含铝材料,采用新方法制得载铁改性斜发沸石,并通过一系列静态及动态试验对其除氟性能及影响因素进行了研究.结果表明:经过改性活化的斜发沸石滤料的除氟容量(DC)得到显著提高,静态达0.665 mg/g,动态达0.2 mg/g,分别约为原沸石除氟容量(0.03 mg/g)的20和7倍.载铁改性斜发沸石对F的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温模式,其最适pH为6~7,氟吸附速率快,再生稳定;同时其也能高效去除饮用水中的锰离子,除锰容量(MRC)达2.442 mg/g.对高氟地下水的处理效果证明,该滤料不仅降氟达到国家饮用水标准,而且具有再生简易、使用寿命长等特点. 相似文献
339.
340.
扬州市水复合生态系统问题的生态学实质及调控对策 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
分析了扬州市水复合生态问题的生态学实质:水生态过程的生态阻滞或耗竭;生态系统结构的破碎与功能的板结;水生态调控机制的匮缺和水生态意识的低下,并针对性地提出了水复合生态系统的调控对策。 相似文献