Assessment of ecological risks induced by land use and land cover changes in Xiamen City,China

The landscape ecological risk (LER) in Xiamen City, China, from 1990 to 2030 was studied using an urban land use and land cover change (LUCC) model and LER analysis. The LUCC model was used to predict the LUCC of Xiamen from 2020 to 2030. We analyzed the characteristics of LUCC and landscape pattern changes and, finally, evaluated the effect of rapid LUCC on LER. Of the six landscape types investigated, built-up land and farmland demonstrated the most significant changes. The area of built-up land increased by 1.5 times in 2010 and is predicted to increase by 2.7 times in 2030 than that in 1990. The area of farmland increased from 34.5% in 1990 to 24.5% in 2010 and is predicted to decrease to 15.1% in 2030. The number of patches (NP) of built-up land decreased with increasing area, which promoted the dominance of built-up land over other landscape types. Five landscape types, those other than built-up land, increased in NP, landscape fragmentation, segmentation, and disturbance but decreased in dominance. The LER of Xiamen in 2010 was slightly lower than that in 1990. However, with the acceleration of urbanization, the LER in 2020 and 2030 will increase by 7.6% and 12.5% than that in 2010. The LER will significantly increase in areas such as the Huandong sea area, the second urban core of Xiamen, and northern Xiang'an. For the areas, some measures (e.g. optimum urban spatial growth patterns and control of coastal reclamation) must inevitably increase to reduce the LER posed by rapid urbanization.     

微污染水源水净化技术

论述了水源的污染现状和主要危害、微污染水源水预处理技术、深度处理技术;介绍了净水工艺的选择;指出了微污染水源水处理的发展趋势及对水源保护的对策。     

Fenton试剂催化氧化法处理模拟酸性红B染料废水

采用Fenton试剂催化氧化处理用酸性红B配制的模拟偶氮染料废水,考察了影响处理效果的主要因素,并探讨了酸性红B降解的动力学.实验结果表明,Fenton试剂催化氧化处理酸性红B废水的最佳工艺条件为:H2O2加入量49.0 mmol/L,Fe2+加入量2.0 mmol/L,反应温度25℃,初始废水pH 3～6.在此最佳工艺条件下反应5min时,酸性红B去除率为99.8％,COD去除率为62.3％;反应60 min后,酸性红B去除率为99.9％,COD去除率为80.0％.Fenton试剂催化氧化降解酸性红B的反应符合二级反应动力学规律.     

酸析—撞击流旋转填料床强化Fenton试剂氧化法预处理二硝基甲苯生产废水

采用酸析—撞击流旋转填料床( IS-RPB)强化Fenton试剂氧化法预处理二硝基甲苯(DNT)生产废水.最佳工艺条件为:酸析工段废水pH 1.0,IS-RPB转速1 500 r/min,FeSO4加入量0.06 mol/L,H2O2加入量0.45mol/L,反应温度40 ℃,反应时间4h.在该条件下处理DNT生产废水,COD去除率可达98.95％,硝基化合物去除率达98.32％,BOD5/COD为 0.65.经该方法预处理后的DNT生产废水可适用于生化法进行后续处理.     

除尘器三维流场自动检测系统及其应用

介绍了以五孔球形探针为主的除尘器流场自动检测系统的研制过程。同时,应用该系统对两种旋风除尘器进行了测定。测定结果表明,该系统完全满足除尘器三维流场的测定要求。     

APPLICATION OF THE GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATION RULES OF THE LiYuTan RESERVOIR IN TAIWAN1

ABSTRACT: A procedure to apply genetic algorithm to optimize operation rules is proposed and applied to the LiYuTan Reservoir in Taiwan. The designed operation rules are operation zones with discount rates of water supply. The first step of the procedure is to predefine the shape of boundary curves of operation zones according to reservoir storage routing. Then, relatively fewer variables are used to describe the curves, and a last genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to optimize the curves. The procedure is applied to the newly built LiYuTan Reservoir for increasing domestic water demands. Shortage index is used to evaluate the performance of operation zones. A year is divided into 36 operational periods, with each month containing three operational periods. The shortage indexes calculated in operational periods are 9.81, 8.27, and 7.13, respectively, for the reservoir without operation rules, applying operation zones optimized by GA with encoding 36 storage levels for each curve, and adopting operation zones optimized by GA with encoding the curves with predefined shape. The average deficits for the three cases are 77.2, 43.6, and 33.3 (10⁴ m³/day), respectively. The results indicate that operation zones optimized by the proposed procedure have smaller shortage indexes and lower average deficits. In addition, the optimized operation zones have less variation and thus are more practical for operation. Conclusively, the proposed procedure utilizing GA to optimize operation zones with predefined shape can provide better and realistic outcomes through limited iterations.     

复合絮凝剂XG-1用于工业废水的处理

对利用硅藻土研制出的复合絮凝剂XG－1处理造纸、焦化工业废水进行了研究。试验结果表明：该絮凝剂对造纸、焦化工业废水有很好的处理效果，COD去除率达70％－80％，脱色率大于90％，操作工艺简单，成本低，处理效果优于聚合氯化铝。     

古浪-海原地区滑坡分布规律的模糊综合评判

本文在研究古浪-海原地区地震滑坡和重力滑坡形成条件和特点的基础上,首次采用多因素模糊数学综合评判方法对这一地区的滑坡空间分布特征进行了探讨和预测,提高了区域滑坡分布规律和危险性预测的深度和广度,为本区滑坡灾害的预测预防提供了重要的依据。     

灾害间接经济损失的计量

本文研究了三种灾害间接经济损失的计量，即间接停减产损失、中间投入积压增加损失和投资溢价损失。利用了城市投入──产出表所表达的产业关联关系估计了由于生产的联锁性造成灾害的进一步损失。并用上海市的实际数据对地震的间接经济损失作了预测计量。     

安全生产中的力学原理

在工程建设中，施工作业人员和安全监督员掌握必要的力学知识，对于搞好安全生产，防止盲目蛮干有着重要的现实意义。本文结合实例，从结构受力角度分析了因缺乏力学常识而导致伤亡事故的原因。掌握力学知识，提高施工企业整体素质的提高是搞好安全生产的前提。