土地处理技术在干旱-半干旱过渡带生态建设中的应用

土地处理系统是在干旱 -半干旱过渡区实现污水无害化、资源化的有效技术。内蒙古霍林河矿区污水土地处理系统设计与运行结果表明 ,该区具备推广土地处理技术的良好条件 ,土地处理系统应以慢速渗滤和污水资源利用型为主 ,实现污水处理与生态环境建设的结合。污水资源的利用有助于增加镶嵌型复合生态系统的稳定性 ,加速人工林的成林郁闭 ,增加林木蓄积量 ,改善干旱、半干旱地区的生态环境     

低污染、高效转式垃圾焚烧技术

通过在本课题组自行设计的中空水冷转式垃圾焚烧炉上的实验研究，论文从工艺流程和NOx生成特性方面探讨了该新型焚烧炉的稳定燃烧和低污染排放技术特点；并与固定床焚烧炉作了实验研究比较，可知中空水冷转式垃圾焚烧炉在降低NOx浓度与提高燃尽率方面具有良好的性能。     

有机农业与常规农业对农田生物多样性影响的比较研究进展

一些研究者认为,有机农业不仅在理念上而且在实践上,都有助于促进农田生物多样性的维持和保护.为了促进我国科学界对有机农业与农田生物多样性关联性研究的关注,综述了有机农业对农田生态系统内杂草、地表节肢动物、土壤生物以及鸟类等不同生物类群种类、数量及其多样性的影响.     

叶面喷Ca2+增加海滨锦葵幼苗对高温的适应能力

以10 mmol.L-1CaC l2溶液喷洒海滨锦葵(Kosteletzkya virginica)幼苗叶片,7 d后将其转移至40℃培养箱中高温培养,定期测定有关生理生化指标。结果表明:Ca2 处理组海滨锦葵幼苗的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量较对照组低,萎蔫程度明显轻于对照组,根系活力下降幅度小于对照组;Ca2 处理可有效抑制膜透性的加大,提高Ca2 -ATPase活性。Ca2 处理能提高海滨锦葵幼苗的耐热性。     

矿山开采非线性沉陷学说初论

讨论基于岩体工程属性和矿山开采沉陷本质特征而建立非线性沉陷学说的正确性和可行性;总结了近年来笔者在非线性沉陷问题方面所做的大量实验、现场勘测、研究和取得的成果：采动岩体的非线性破坏特征、开采沉陷的Ｄａｍ ａｇｅ效应、采动岩体分形裂隙网络及演化规律、开采沉陷的协同效应和自组织过程、采动岩体层裂的突变机理、采动断层活化的分形界面效应、地表下沉的“Ｓ”型分形增长规律;提出了建立基于矿山开采非线性沉陷机理、规律的预测模型和防治对策及非线性沉陷学的学术思想     

Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using a high performance-single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

The real-time detection of the mixing states of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs in ambient particles is of great significance for analyzing the source, aging process, and health effects of PAHs and nitro-PAHs; yet there is still few effective technology to achieve this type of detection. In this study, 11 types of PAH and nitro-PAH standard samples were analyzed using a high performance-single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (HP-SPAMS) in lab studies. The identification principles ‘parent ions’ and ‘mass-to-charge (m/z) = 77’ of each compound were obtained in this study. It was found that different laser energies did not affect the identification of the parent ions. The comparative experiments of ambient atmospheric particles, cooking and biomass burning emitted particles with and without the addition of PAHs were conducted and ruled out the interferences from primary and secondary organics on the identification of PAHs. Besides, the reliability of the characteristic ions extraction method was evaluated through the comparative study of similarity algorithm and deep learning algorithm. In addition, the real PAH-containing particles from vehicle exhaust emissions and ambient particles were also analyzed. This study improves the ability of single particle mass spectrometry technology to detect PAHs and nitro-PAHs, and HP-SPAMS was superior to SPAMS for detecting single particles containing PAHs and nitro-PAHs. This study provides support for subsequent ambient observations to identify the characteristic spectrum of single particles containing PAHs and nitro-PAHs.     

Partitioning gas tracer tests for measurement of water in municipal solid waste

A key component in the operation of almost all bioreactor landfills is the addition of water to maintain optimal moisture conditions. To determine how much water is needed and where to add it, in situ methods are required to measure water within solid waste. Existing technologies often result in measurements of unknown accuracy, because of the variability of solid waste materials and time-dependent changes in packing density, both of which influence most measurement methods. To overcome these problems, a new technology recently developed by hydrologists for measuring water in the vadose zone--the partitioning gas tracer test--was tested. In this technology, the transport behavior of two gas tracers within solid waste is used to measure the fraction of the void space filled with water. One tracer is conservative and does not react with solids or liquids, while a second tracer partitions into the water and is separated from the conservative tracer during transport. This technology was tested in four different solid waste packings and was capable of determining the volumetric water content to within 48% of actual values, with most measurement errors less than 15%. This technology and the factors that affect its applicability to landfills are discussed in this paper.     

SBR活性污泥中的主要微生物类群及其基本生态规律初探

本文重点探讨采用ＳＢＲ活性污泥法处理有机磷农药（乐果）生产废水的工艺中，ＳＢＲ内的活性污泥的主要微生物类群、特征、功能以及与环境因子、废水处理运行状况的关系。     

生物接触氧化结合气浮法处理卷烟综合废水

某卷烟厂采用生物接触氧化结合气浮法处理卷烟综合废水,经过3年的运行实践表明,工艺运行稳定可靠,在进水COD为300～1 500 mg/L、SS为100～600 mg/L、BOD5为100～900 mg/L、NH3-N为10～20 mg/L、水温为20～30 ℃时,出水COD《70 mg/L、BOD5《20 mg/L、SS《30 mg/L、NH3-N《3 mg/L,完全实现达标排放.     

三峡库区规模化顺坡沟垄果园氮、磷输出过程及流失负荷

通过对三峡库区顺坡垄沟构型的规模化柑橘园集水区次降雨过程径流氮、磷进行动态监测,分析典型降雨事件氮和磷流失负荷,并探讨了规模化柑橘种植对土壤氮磷流失及入库河流水环境的影响.结果表明:①顺坡沟垄柑橘园集水区径流氮和磷年流失负荷分别为13.43 kg·(hm~2·a)~(-1)和1.26 kg·(hm~2·a)~(-1),春季施肥及强降雨冲刷是集水区污染物高负荷的主要原因;②集水区全年总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的EMC为8.49 mg·L~(-1)和0.87 mg·L~(-1),超过发生水体富营养化含量标准;③春季施肥后的2场典型降雨中,长历时暴雨径流硝态氮(NN)和溶解态磷(DP)负荷为4.94 kg·hm~(-2)和0.28 kg·hm~(-2),分别占TN和TP流失负荷的92.90%和64.69%;短历时大雨径流NN和DP负荷为0.52 kg·hm~(-2)和0.05 kg·hm~(-2),分别占TN和TP的65.92%和74.88%,溶解态氮和磷是顺坡沟垄坡面果园径流氮和磷流失的主要途径;④集水区氮磷流失表现出显著的"初始冲刷效应",初期20%的地表径流流失了58.0%的TN, 57.0%的DN, 58.5%的NN, 79.0%的AN, 62.0%的TP, 63.5%的DP和60.0%的PP,控制初期地表径流对降低入库径流养分具有重要作用.