时空效应下不同孔径超前钻孔有效排放半径研究*

为解决煤矿在施工过程中局部防突问题,进行现场实测并结合数值模拟计算,研究瓦斯排放钻孔影响半径在不同排放时间和不同超前钻孔直径影响下的变化规律。研究结果表明:对于同一孔径的钻孔,在一定时间内影响半径随着时间的增加而增加,不同直径的钻孔呈不同的函数关系;对于不同的孔径,影响半径随着钻孔直径的增加而增加,研究结果可为矿井作业中治理煤与瓦斯局部突出提供重要参考。     

干湿循环作用下吹填固化轻质土蠕变特性研究∗

采用新型固化技术对高含水率吹填土进行固化处理,通过三轴流变仪,考虑干湿循环次数、围压和初始静偏应力等因素研究其对吹填固化轻质土蠕变变形和抗剪强度指标的影响规律。试验结果表明：吹填固化轻质土具有密度小、质量轻及强度高等优点。在一定程度上,增大围压可有效缓解吹填固化轻质土的蠕变变形,而初始静偏应力对其影响较小,前7 次干湿循环对土体破坏应力的影响最大,而后基本保持不变。抗剪强度指标c、φ 值均随初始静偏应力的增加而逐渐降低,随干湿循环次数的增加呈现出先减小而后逐渐稳定的趋势,且前7 次干湿循环,二者均呈指数函数降低;7 次以后,变化均较小并逐渐稳定。基于c、φ 值与时间关系曲线,分别构建了不同偏应力作用下吹填固化轻质土c、φ 值的预测公式。根据蠕变曲线发展态势,通过回归分析,引入围压、初始静偏应力和干湿循环次数等因素,建立了吹填固化轻质土蠕变变形预测模型,并验证了其可行性。研究结果可为实际工程场地提供理论依据。     

Assessment of the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of the Jialu River and adjacent groundwater using human-hamster hybrid cells

The Jialu River in China has been seriously polluted by the direct discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater. The predominant contaminants of the Jialu River and its adjacent groundwater were recently investigated. However, the potential genotoxic impact of polluted water on human health remains to be clarified. Here, we used human–hamster hybrid(A_L) cells, which are sensitive for detecting environmental mutagens. We found that the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the groundwater in the Jialu River basin were influenced by the infiltration of the Jialu River. Hydrological periods significantly affected the cytotoxicity, but not the mutagenic potential, of surface and groundwater. Further, the mutagenic potential of groundwater samples located 1 km from the Jialu River(S_(M-2) water samples) was detected earlier than that of groundwater samples located approximately 20 km from the Jialu River(S_N water samples). Because of high cytotoxicity, the mutagenic potential of water samples from the Jialu River(S_(M-1) water samples) was not significantly enhanced compared with that of untreated controls. To further assess the mutagenic dispersion potential, an artificial neural network model was adopted. The results showed that the highest mutagenic potential of groundwater was observed approximately 10 km from the Jialu River. Although further investigation of mutagenic spatial dispersion is required, our data are significant for advancing our understanding of the origin, dispersion,and biological effects of water samples from polluted areas.     

生态城市建设中城市水景观建设存在的误区及对策

城市水景观建设作为实现生态城市建设目标的系统工程与城市水资源、土地资源、生态环境等息息相关,是关系到城市水环境安全和可持续发展的战略问题。本文分析了城市水景观在建设中存在的两大误区,并提出了科学、合理建设城市水景观的相关对策。     

eChemPortal及其在我国重点环境管理危险化学品环境风险评估中的应用

危害性识别是化学品环境风险评估工作的重要基础,危害性数据的质量直接影响化学品环境风险评估工作的结果与结论。通过介绍经济合作与发展组织(OECD)eChemPortal近几年来的主要变化,以上海地区涉及的30种重点环境管理危险化学品为例,比较分析我国《危险化学品分类信息表》及eChemPortal引用的按照《欧盟物质和混合物的分类、标签和包装法规》的公开分类和标签目录(ECHA CL inventory)、日本政府全球化学品统一分类和标签分类结果(GHS-J)的差异。结果表明:eChemPortal作为OECD建立的全球化学物质信息门户,加入的数据库多数经过政府机构或同行评审,准确性和可靠性相对较高,目前已有32个数据库加入到该平台,其中32个数据库支持化学物质检索,4个数据库支持化学性质检索,2个数据库支持GHS检索,并且数据库的数量和功能还在持续增加;相对于国家安全监管总局的《危险化学品分类信息表》和ECHA CL inventory,GHS-J的危害性分类结果较为完善,而且多数分类结果提供了具体的分类数据基础信息,这对于分类结果的评估十分有用。上述研究表明我国政府监管部门有必要结合eChemPortal等权威的数据信息平台发布我国重点环境管理危险化学品环境风险评估推荐数据库,从而规范重点环境管理危险化学品环境风险评估过程并推动对化学品的有效环境监管。     

Oxidation of high iron content electroplating sludge in supercritical water: stabilization of zinc and chromium

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The stabilization of heavy metals (zinc and chromium) and the degradation of organic pollutants during supercritical water (SCW) and supercritical...     

大坝电厂氨逃逸在线监测系统改造

基于ABB LS25原位激光在线监测分析仪,针对该分析仪在现场使用中频繁出现的离线问题,提出了氨逃逸测量的改造方法。改造后的测量装置实现了对氨逃逸精确的测量,提高了测量可靠性,减少了设备维护工作量,为同类型氨逃逸测量装置改造提供了参考。     

High phosphate removal using La(OH)3 loaded chitosan based composites and mechanistic study

Our present study was to prepare a biomass-supported adsorbents with high adsorptive capacity and high selectivity to prevent the accelerated eutrophication in water body. To this end, different metal hydroxide (La, Zr and Fe) first was successfully loaded on chitosan microspheres. Then the quaternary ammonium group with different content was introduced into the adsorbent by polymerization. By comparison of adsorption properties, chitosan-La(OH)₃-quaternary ammonium-20% (CS-La-N-20%) has strong adsorption to phosphate (160 mg/g) by immobilizing nano-sized La(OH)₃ within a quaternary-aminated chitosan and it maintain high adsorption in the presence of salt ions. The pH results indicated that the CS-La-N-20% would effectively sequestrate phosphate over a wide pH range between 3 and 7 without significant La³⁺ leaching. What's more, adsorption capacity on the introduce of positively charged quanternary-aminated groups was significantly higher than that of the unmodified adsorbents at alkaline conditions. The column adsorption capacity reached 1300 bed volumes (BV) when phosphate concentration decreased until 0.5 mg/L at 6 BV/hr. The column adsorption/desorption reveals that no significant capacity loss is observed, indicating excellent stability and repeated use property. Characterizations revealed that phosphate adsorption on CS-La-N-20% through ligand exchange (impregnated nano-La(OH)₃) and electrostatic attraction (positively charged quanternary-aminated groups). All the results suggested that CS-La-N-20% can serve as a promising adsorbent for preferable phosphate removal in realistic application.