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321.
天津地区大气污染状况和气溶胶硫酸盐的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
我们于1980—1981年对天津市大气污染物浓度做了同步监测,对天津市大气污染状况,二氧化硫转化为硫酸盐的过程及其对大气能见度的影响做了研究。以超C_i几率和的方法处理数据,研究结果表明,大气污染以早晨最严重,傍晚次之,中午较轻:冬季比夏季污染严重。各种污染物中以硫酸盐对大气能见度的影响最大,总颗粒物次之。当大气相对湿度大于70%时,对大气能见度的影响比较突出。颗粒物中的苯溶物对大气能见度有一定的影响。城市中相对湿度高时硫酸盐浓度大,可能是产生冬季烟雾事件的原因。下风方向的硫酸根浓度与二氧化硫浓度的比值和硫酸根含硫浓度与大气总硫浓度的比值均比上风方向相应的数值高,说明城市燃煤烟气是硫酸盐的来源。城市中硫酸根浓度与二氧化硫浓度的相关系数为0.77,硫酸根与颗粒物浓度的相关系数为0.95。在形成硫酸根的过程中二氧化硫浓度和颗粒物可能有贡献。以一维有源简化模式估算二氧化硫转化为硫酸根的速率常数,约为2.3±1.1%/hr,冬季约1.5%/hr。二氧化硫的迁移距离约为17—340km。 相似文献
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323.
研究了4种成片分布的典型岩性(页岩、石灰岩、花岗岩、黄土)区域沉积物金属元素(Li、Na、K、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al等共16种)总量与形态特征.结果表明:这4种岩性区域沉积物金属元素含量与形态均有显著的差别.与其它岩性相比,黄土地区易迁移元素含量高,而重金属含量显著较低;其金属元素残渣态含量高,而有机态、铁锰氧化物态和可交换态含量低.石灰岩地区重金属含量较高,而易迁移元素如Na,Sr等含量则较低;其重金属元素残渣态含量不偏低,表明经风化作用释放出来的重金属参与了次生矿物的形成过程而得以富集.花岗岩地区重金属含量居中,而Fe和Al含量较高;其金属元素残渣态含量不偏高则与风化作用较强有关.页岩地区元素含量与形态均居中,代表了各种岩性的平均水平. 相似文献
324.
为探究深水水库沉积物微生物功能特征及利用价值,于2019年在实验室对小湾水库表层沉积物微生物进行了驯化分离,并分析了其中一株细菌的脱氮效率.结果表明,分离出的细菌XW731经鉴定属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),是一种贫营养型好氧反硝化菌;在分别以NH4+-N、NO3--N和NO2--N为唯一氮源时,该菌对NH4+-N、NO3--N和NO2--N去除率分别为33.6%、68.5%和9.1%;以NH4+-N和NO3--N为氮源时,对NH4+-N和NO3--N去除率分别为66.4%、89.6%,同步硝化反硝化能力更强.将该菌投加到两种城市微污染水体后测试表明,该菌对城市河道水体的NH4+-N和NO3--N去除率分别为38.3%和42.4%,对城市降雨水体的NH4+-N和NO3--N去除率分别为22.2%和7.7%. 相似文献
325.
Awoke Guadie Siqing Xi Wei Jiang Lijie Zhou Zhiqiang Zhang Slawomir W. Hermanowicz Xiaoyin Xu Shuang Shen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(4):765-774
The feasibility of struvite recovery at low (12.5 mg/L) and high (120 mg[L) phosphorus concentrations was studied by constructing a novel fluidized bed reactor with cones (FBRwc) and without cones (FBRwoc). The crystallization process was continuously operated for 133 days under different hydraulic retention times (HRT = 1-10 hr), pH (7.5-10), and molar ratios of Mg/P (0.75-1.75), N/P (1-10) and Ca/Mg (0-2). The optimum operating conditions of HRT, pH, Mg/P and N/P molar ratios were found to be 2 hr, 9, 1.25, and 7.5, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the phosphorus precipitation efficiencies of FBRwc were 93% for low and 98% for high phosphorus influent; however, the efficiencies were 78% and 81% for FBRwoc, respectively. Due to crystal losses at each junction (17%-31%), the crystal recovery efficiency of FBRwoc was relatively low (47%-65%) for both influent concentrations. However, the losses were minimal in FBRwc, which showed 75% and 92% crystal recovery for low and high phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At low calcium concentration, crystal chemical analysis showed the product to be pure struvite (〉 99%). The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction results further confirmed that the crystal recovered from FBRwc contained pure struvite, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer. Except HRT, all parameters (pH, Mg/P, N/P and Ca/Mg) were found to be influencing factors for FBRwc performance. Overall, inserting cones in each part of the reactor played a significant role in enhancing struvite recovery from a wide range of phosphorus-containing wastewater. 相似文献
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327.
传统生物处理工艺对垃圾渗滤液,特别是老龄化垃圾渗滤液处理效果差,而膜生物反应器(MBR)在这方面显现出巨大优势。MBR通过截留微生物保持高生物量浓度,只需较短的水力停留时间,并可承受较大有机负荷率,能有效去除有机物及微污染物,对氨氮的去除率达90%以上。优化条件下,对老龄垃圾渗滤液中COD的去除率达75%以上。虽然MBR性能稳定,但较短的水力停留时间和高浓度的氨氮对反应器有不良影响,并且较大的污泥龄也会降低反应器的性能。然而厌氧MBR和改进型活性炭粉末MBR在垃圾渗滤液的治理中表现出了巨大的潜力。 相似文献
328.
流域氮素主要输出途径及变化特征 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
流域农业面源输出氮素是湖泊流域水体中氮的主要来源之一,对水环境安全造成了极大威胁.不同流域间地形、水文、植被覆盖等因子的差异及气象条件的变化,造成氮的输出途径具有流域异质性及时间变化特征.本研究以高原湖泊典型流域——凤羽河流域为例,基于2011-06~2013-05期间径流水量、水质高频监测数据,应用基流分割的方法,通过分析流域产流与氮素输出途径的季节性变化,探讨了流域氮素输出的主要途径及变化特征.结果表明,基流是高原湖泊流域水量输出的主要形式和总氮输出的主要途径;基流输出水量及总氮负荷分别占流域总输出水量的80. 0%和流域总氮输负荷的71. 1%;降雨显著增加了流域水量和总氮负荷的输出量,同时改变了总氮的输出途径;降雨导致地表径流量增加,进而使流域输出水量和总氮输出负荷中地表径流途径的比重升高;当地表径流占流域输出水量的比重约达40%以上时,流域总氮输出的主要途径由基流转变为地表径流;监测周期内,地表径流输出的总氮负荷占流域总输出负荷的比重最高达65. 6%. 相似文献
329.
Long-term joint effect of nutrients and temperature increase on algal growth in Lake Taihu, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To study how global warming and eutrophication affect water ecosystems, a multiplicative growth Monod model, modified by incorporating the Arrhenius equation, was applied to Lake Taihu to quantitatively study the relationships between algal biomass and both nutrients and temperature using long-term data. To qualitatively assess which factor was a limitation of the improved model, temperature variables were calculated using annual mean air temperature (AT), water temperature (WT), and their average temperature (ST), while substrate variables were calculated using annual mean total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and their weighted aggregate (R), respectively. The nine fitted curves showed that TN and AT were two important factors influencing algal growth; AT limited growth as algal photosynthesis is mainly carried out near the water surface; N leakage of phytoplankton and internal phosphorus load from sediment explains why TN was the best predictor of peak biomass using the Monod model. The fitted results suggest that annual mean algal biomass increased by 0.145 times when annual mean AT increased by 1.0℃. Results also showed that the more eutrophic the lake, the greater the effect AT had on algal growth. Subsequently, the long-term joint effect of annual temperature increase and eutrophication to water ecosystems can be quantitatively assessed and predicted. 相似文献
330.
Environmental contamination due to uncontrolled e-waste recycling activities is drawing increasing attention in the world. Extraction of these metals with biodegradable chelant [S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) and the factors influencing extraction efficacy were investigated in the present study. Results showed that the addition of EDDS at low pH (5.5) produced higher metal extraction than that at high pH (8.0) solution. Metal speciation analysis indicated that Cu was completely complexed with EDDS at different pH conditions with various amounts of EDDS applied. For Pb and Zn, at low EDDS dose of 0.304 mol/kg soil, they were present as Pb- and Zn-EDDS. However, at high EDDS dose of 1.26 mol/kg soil, most of Pb was bound with dissolved organic matter. Ca and Al were found to be strong competitors for trace metals to EDDS at low application dose and low pH condition. 相似文献