北京平原区夏垫活动断裂滑动速率及古地震复发间隔

搜集了有关夏垫断裂钻孔测年数据,采用最小二乘法对数据进行拟合分析,拟合结果显示夏垫断裂滑动速率在地段和时段上均存在差异,且在时段上的差异更加明显。前20 ka以来滑动速率相对较小(0.13~0.30 mm/a);前26 ka~20 ka,滑动速率较大(1.38~2.56mm/a),约为前20 ka以来滑动速率的9~11倍。利用潘各庄探槽、东柳河屯探槽、齐心庄探槽、大胡庄探槽、地震联合钻孔剖面及钻孔资料判定除1679年三河-平谷8级地震外,前20 ka以来夏垫断裂还存在6次古地震事件,古地震平均复发间隔约为3 000 a。     

北京平原夏垫断裂沉积旋回研究

通过对夏垫断裂下降盘(上盘)第四纪堆积物逐层分析和对比,定性的分析出夏垫断裂下降盘(上盘)距地表10 m范围内,各层的沉积环境和相应的沉积韵律特征。研究发现:由探槽所揭露的地层可以分为7个沉积旋回,每个沉积旋回由上部的细粒层和下部的粗粒层组成,粒度上细下粗;细粒层均为含碳粘土和粉砂质粘土,具有湖相沉积的特点,其沉积环境多为还原环境或弱还原环境;粗粒层一般为细砂、粗砂层,具有快速堆积的特点,其沉积环境多为氧化环境或弱氧化环境;分析认为,断塞沉积所显示的韵律性结构是地震周期性活动的结果,这一研究是揭示夏垫断裂的古地震事件,反演古地震活动并预测其未来行为的基础。     

Performance and microbial diversity of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor for high sulfate and nitrate waste brine treatment

The disposal of waste brines has become a major challenge that hinders the wide application of ion- exchange resins in the water industry in recent decades. In this study, high sulfate removal efficiency （80%-90%） was achieved at the influent sulfate concentration of 3600 mg/L and 3% NaC1 after 145 days in an expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor. Furthermore, the feasibility of treating synthetic waste brine containing high levels of sulfate and nitrate was investigated in a single EGSB reactor during an operation period of 261 days. The highest nitrate and sulfate loading rate reached 6.38 and 5.78 kg/（m3-day） at SO42--S/NO3-N mass ratio of 4/3, and the corresponding removal efficiency was 99.97% and 82.26% at 3% NaC1, respectively. Meanwhile, 454-pyrosequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial diversity of the sludge on the 240th day for stable operation of phase X. Results showed that a total of 9194 sequences were obtained, which could be affiliated to 14 phyla, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes and so on. Proteobacteria （77.66%） was the dominant microbial population, followed by Firmicutes （12.23%） and Chlorobi （2.71%）.     

泥石流堵河影响因素研究——以岷江上游为例

以岷江上游为研究区,选取堵河型泥石流沟4条、堵塞型和不堵河型泥石流沟各2条,在详细分析和比较8条典型泥石流的流域特征、一次有代表性的泥石流过程的泥石流流体特征及沟口处主河特征的基础上,结合专家问卷调查,得出了与泥石流堵河关系较为密切的因素,它们是:泥石流规模、堆积区主河宽度、泥石流沟床比降、泥石流流量、入汇处主河流量、泥石流颗粒级配、入汇处主河比降、泥石流粘度、重度、泥石流沟与主河夹角、泥石流暴发频率等。     

膜生物反应器中膜过滤特征及膜污染机理的研究

以膜生物反应器处理市政污水,通过对活性污泥进行终端过滤来反映膜污染机理,实验表明,最初很短时间内膜污染受膜孔堵塞模型控制,之后受沉积层阻力模型控制,后一阶段是膜污染的主要控制阶段;膜的相对通量随过滤时间呈指数衰减趋势,压力越大,通量衰减越快;污泥沉积层存在压密过程,这一过程中的污泥比阻随压力增大而增大,并得到处理市政污水的污泥压密指数为0.807 8;阻力分布实验表明沉积层阻力占总阻力的90%以上,是膜过滤污染阻力的主要组成部分;活性污泥各组分对膜污染均有贡献,其中悬浮固体、胶体颗粒和溶质产生的阻力分别占87.98%、6.20%和5.82%;根据实验和计算结果,探讨了MBR处理市政污水过程中可能的膜污染机理.     

Effect of transpiration on Pb uptake by lettuce and on water soluble low molecular weight organic acids in rhizosphere

The effect of transpiration (high and low) on Pb uptake by leaf lettuce and on water soluble low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in rhizosphere has been studied. After two weeks of growth the plants were cultured in greenhouse for more four weeks and two days. Pb(NO(3))(2) solutions of different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 mg l(-1) of Pb) were then added to the quartz sand pots of different plants and studies were initiated. Blank experiments (without treating the quartz sand pots with Pb(NO(3))(2) solutions) were also run in parallel. No significant differences in the growth of the plants with the concentrations of added Pb(NO(3))(2) solutions were observed by both low and high transpirations at the end of the 0, 3rd, and 10th days of studies. The total evaporation of the volatiles during 10 days did not depend on the concentration of Pb(2+) but with high transpiration the rate of evaporation was significantly higher than with low transpiration. Uptake of Pb by shoots and roots of the plants was found to be proportional to the concentration of various Pb(NO(3))(2) solutions added and more accumulation was observed in roots than in shoots at the end of 3rd and 10th days. High transpiration created more Pb uptake than low transpiration did. One volatile acid, propionic acid and nine non-volatile acids, lactic, glycolic, oxalic, succinic, fumaric, oxalacetic, D-tartaric, trans-aconitic, and citric acids in rhizosphere quartz sands were identified and quantified by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. D-Tartaric and citric acids were major among the non-volatile acids. The amount of LMWOAs in rhizosphere quartz sands increased with the higher amount of Pb uptake and also with the duration of studies. The total quantities of the LMWOAs in the rhizosphere quartz sands were significantly higher under high transpiration with 300 mg l(-1) Pb solution addition at the end of 10th day. The present study shows prominent correlation between transpiration and uptake of heavy metal and interesting correlation between Pb contaminated level and quantity of water soluble LMWOAs in rhizosphere quartz sands. The latter thus deserves of further studies.     

Effects of metsulfuron-methyl on the microbial population and enzyme activities in wheat rhizosphere soil

The effects of metsulfuron-methyl, a sulfonylurea herbicide, on the wheat soil microorganisms were evaluated by the methods of microbial inoculation culture, and the activities of three enzymes were measured using the colorimetric method. The tolerant microorganisms that can resist 500 microg x g(-1) metsulfuron-methyl in the counting culture medium were studied specially. Metsulfuron-methyl distinctly inhibited the common aerobic heterotriphic bacteria, but the effects on common fungi and common actinomycete were not evident. In the meantime, the number of tolerant fungi increased greatly in the rhizosphere after the application of metsulfuron-methyl in contrast to the significant decrease of the amount of tolerant actinomycete. It indicates that fungi might turn into the dominant microbial type and actinomycete is the sensitive factor in the soil polluted by sulfonylurea residues. The population of aromatic compounds-decomposing bacteria, aerobic azotobacter, and nitrite bacteria all increased in the earlier period, but the aerobic azotobacter decreased rapidly in number 30 days later, and the amount of nitrite bacteria also showed a temporary decrease with time 15 days later. However, the denitrifying bacteria just began to increase significantly after the crops had grown for 50 days. The amount of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria gradually decreased with the growth of crops, and so were the sulfate-reducing bacteria after metsulfuron-methyl application. To all types of microorganisms, there were more microbes in rhizosphere samples than those in nonrhizosphere except aerobic azotobacter. It means the growth of wheat root system can stimulate the growth of most microorganisms. The activities of hydrogen peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in soil samples after metsulfuron-methyl application were notably lower than those in the control, and the difference of the activities between the samples of rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere was evident. On the contrary, the activity of dehydrogenase was not inhibited by the application of metsulfuron-methyl, and the rhizosphere effect was not obvious either.     

The study of ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization process applied to the utilization of pyrolysis oil from waste tires

In recent years, the increasing world population and rapid industrial development has increased the consumption of fossil fuel-derived oils. In response to the resulting exhaustion of fossil fuel energy, many countries around the world are investigating methods of waste energy recovery and reuse, including oil recovery from the pyrolysis process of waste tires. This study investigates the efficiency of an ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) process in sulfur reduction from diesel oil and the pyrolysis oil from waste tires treatment. The results indicate that the oxidation efficiency increases as the doses of transition metal catalyst are increased. Longer sonication time also enhances the oxidation process, apparently through the biphasic transfer of oxidants, which results in a high yield of organic sulfur oxidation products. The best desulfurization efficiency was 99.7% (2.67 ppm sulfur remaining) and 89% (800 ppm sulfur remaining) for diesel and pyrolysis oils, respectively, via a process executed by two UAOD units connected in series and combined with solid adsorption using 30 g of Al₂O₃ in 6 cm columns. These batch experiment results demonstrate clean waste energy recovery and utilization, while fulfilling the requirements of Taiwan EPA environmental regulations (sulfur concentrations less than 5000 ppm).     

日地环境对人类自发攻击性事件的影响

考察了日地空间物理环境扰动与人类自发攻击性群体性事件发生率之间相关性。统计分析发现，两者之间的相关程度很高，历元叠加后相关系数可达０．８４和０．７９、这表明日地空间物理环境对人类攻击性本能和情绪具有显著的调节作用，导致全球自发攻击性群体事件年发生率具有１１ａ准周期波动特征。其作用机制可能是地磁场活动和大气温度的影响。     

石油野外作业工人体力劳动强度分级调查

据ＧＢ３８６９—８３标准对江汉油田测量、地震、钻井、井下四类野外作业３４名工人、２４个工种进行了体力劳动强度分级调查，其结果：测量作业为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级；钻井作业Ⅱ级占５／８，Ⅲ级占１／４；井下作业Ⅲ级占２／３；地震作业Ⅲ、Ⅳ级各占４／９、２／９。说明前两类基本属中等强度劳动，后两类大部分属重强度劳动。