微纳米气泡改善杭州城市河道水生态环境的工程应用研究

于2013年4月至6月在杭州城市河道对微纳米气泡改善河道水生态环境进行了持续的原位监测实验.结果表明,与对照区相比,试验区水体温度平均升高0.7℃,pH增大0.2,溶解氧增加1.0 mg/L,而TDS浓度降低42 mg/L;水质污染指标高锰酸盐指数、总氮、氨氮、总磷平均浓度分别降低了8.45 mg/L、6.78 mg/L、8.90 mg/L和0.58 mg/L.由此可推测微纳米气泡在一定程度上能有效净化水质,为恢复良好水生生态环境提供新的方法和技术手段.     

农田NO排放的自动观测

详细介绍农田ＮＯ排放自动观测的方法原理,系统整体构造及电路和气路配置,并讨论了观测结果的可靠性。同地,还就已取得的一些初步研究结果进行了分析,对华东秋,冬季麦田的ＮＯ排放进行自动连续观测的结果表明,秋季麦田的ＮＯ排放具有与温度几乎完全同步的日变化规律。     

东海海域春季降水的化学特征

根据１９９４年４月１７日－２７日东海海域的降水雨样化学组份分析，并将春与我国上海及日本西海岸的降水化学组分进行了地比。认为东海海域的降水经与陆地源污染的输送有关，在东南风系作用下，降水肥东南海上气闭影响，从上海以东到日本以西的广阔的海域中，降水呈弱酸或中性，其化学组份表现为海洋化学的特征；在东北风系作用下，东海海域的降水主要受朝鲜半岛和日本方面污染源的影响，降水中ＳＯ４＾２－非海盐浓度比东南风系时     

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of bacteriophage f2 by Cu-TiO2 nanofibers in the presence of humic acid

Pathogenic viruses in drinking water are great threats to public health. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is a promising technology for virus inactivation. However, the existing photocatalytic antiviral research studies have mostly been carried out in single-component systems, neglecting the effect of natural organic matter, which exists widely in actual water bodies. In this paper, electrospun Cu-TiO₂ nanofibers were prepared as photocatalysts, and their photocatalytic antiviral performance in the presence of humic acid (HA) was comprehensively studied for the first time. The properties of the reaction mixture were measured during the reaction. In addition, the safety, reliability and stability of photocatalytic disinfection in the mixed system were evaluated. The results showed that the virus removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the HA concentration. The type of reaction solution, such as PBS buffer solution or water, did not affect the removal efficiency noticeably. Under acidic conditions, the electrostatic forces between photocatalysts and viruses were strengthened, leading to higher virus removal efficiency. As the reaction time went on, the pH value in the solution increased first and then tended to be stable, the conductivity remained stable, and the dissolved oxygen increased first and then decreased. The safety test showed that the concentration of Cu ions released into the solution was lower than specified by the international standards. No photoreactivation was observed, and the addition of HA significantly reduced the reutilization efficiency of the photocatalysts.     

中国显示器件行业VOCs排放特征及控制对策

为掌握和了解我国电子行业VOCs的排放特征,以显示器件行业为研究对象,梳理和分析其生产工艺及排污环节;通过典型企业有机废气的实际排放监测,掌握其VOCs排放水平;利用排放因子法,核算了2011-2016年我国显示器件行业VOCs的排放量,分析其排放量的变化趋势及空间分布特征.结果表明:受产量和污染控制效率变化的双重影响,2011-2016年我国显示器件行业VOCs排放量（文中涉及"全国"的各要素范围均未包含港澳台地区）呈先增后降的趋势,2015年达到最大值（15 605 t）,此后在产量增长放缓和污染控制效率提高的作用下,2016年的排放量有所下降;从排放占比来看,显示器件行业无组织VOCs排放占比从2011年的45%升至2016年的53%,车间无组织VOCs逸散,以及废水处理过程、有机原辅料和有机废液储运等环节的VOCs无组织排放是行业污染控制的重点和难点.研究显示,我国显示器件行业VOCs无组织排放量占比逐年上升,为控制未来行业VOCs排放,企业应将无组织排放转化为有组织排放,之后再通过高效的末端处理装置来减少VOCs排放量.      

Effects of Na+ on Cu/SAPO-34 for ammonia selective catalytic reduction

Copper-exchanged chabazite (Cu/CHA) catalysts have been found to be affected by alkali metal and alkaline earth ions. However, the effects of Na⁺ ions on Cu/SAPO-34 for ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH₃-SCR) are still unclear. In order to investigate the mechanism, five samples with various Na contents were synthesized and characterized. It was observed that the introduced Na⁺ ion-exchanges with H⁺ and Cu^2 + of Cu/SAPO-34. The exchange of H⁺ is easier than that of isolated Cu^2 +. The exchanged Cu^2 + ions aggregate and form “CuAl₂O₄-like” species. The NH₃-SCR activity of Cu/SAPO-34 decreases with increasing Na content, and the loss of isolated Cu^2 + and acid sites is responsible for the activity loss.     

不锈钢丝网填料存在时氮氧化物吸收过程的研究

在不锈钢丝网波纹填料柱中以水为吸收液,考察了气体空塔速度和氧化度对低浓度氮气化物(NO_x)吸收的影响。吸收率随氧化度的增高而增高,随空塔速度的增高而降低。并对比了聚丙烯丝网波纹填料柱吸收NO_x的效果。实验结果表明,在室温下不锈钢对NO_x的吸收未显示出催化活性。同时讨论比较了网波填料柱和降膜湿壁柱的吸收性能。 近年来用波纹填料或塑料针毡滤料消除尾气中NO_x和硝酸雾的方法,引起人们的注意。不过其净化机理还不十分清楚,Gilbert,W.J.等认为不锈钢丝网填料对NO有催化氧化的作用。为了弄清这一问题我们考察了不锈钢丝网和聚丙烯丝网填料柱中空塔速度和NO_x氧化度对NO_x吸收的影响,实验结果表明,在室温条件下不锈钢对NO_x的吸收未显示出催化活性。只是在空塔速度低或氧化度高的情况下,NO_x的吸收率才较高。同时对吸收特性进行了讨论。     

天津地区大气污染状况和气溶胶硫酸盐的研究

我们于1980—1981年对天津市大气污染物浓度做了同步监测,对天津市大气污染状况,二氧化硫转化为硫酸盐的过程及其对大气能见度的影响做了研究。以超C_i几率和的方法处理数据,研究结果表明,大气污染以早晨最严重,傍晚次之,中午较轻:冬季比夏季污染严重。各种污染物中以硫酸盐对大气能见度的影响最大,总颗粒物次之。当大气相对湿度大于70%时,对大气能见度的影响比较突出。颗粒物中的苯溶物对大气能见度有一定的影响。城市中相对湿度高时硫酸盐浓度大,可能是产生冬季烟雾事件的原因。下风方向的硫酸根浓度与二氧化硫浓度的比值和硫酸根含硫浓度与大气总硫浓度的比值均比上风方向相应的数值高,说明城市燃煤烟气是硫酸盐的来源。城市中硫酸根浓度与二氧化硫浓度的相关系数为0.77,硫酸根与颗粒物浓度的相关系数为0.95。在形成硫酸根的过程中二氧化硫浓度和颗粒物可能有贡献。以一维有源简化模式估算二氧化硫转化为硫酸根的速率常数,约为2.3±1.1%/hr,冬季约1.5%/hr。二氧化硫的迁移距离约为17—340km。     

厌氧生物处理技术应用研究与展望

综述了厌氧处理工艺应用于工业废水处理的研究进展,并对厌氧工艺与好氧工艺进行了对比,总结了厌氧工艺的特性;阐释了厌氧工艺的应用现状及未来的发展趋势,重点介绍了厌氧流化床反应器(AFBR)、上流式厌氧滤池、上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)、厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)、颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器(EGSB)、复合厌氧反应器。