新型石墨材料对水中油性物质脱除的实验研究

讨论了膨胀石墨吸附材料对各种油类及各种水面漂浮油的吸附实验结果,同时讨论了对乳化状低含量含油废水的吸附处理结果和对设备清洗废水的过滤处理结果,并将部分结果与棉花和活性炭对油性物质吸附的数据进行了比较。结果显示,膨胀石墨无论对各种单纯油类、水面浮油以及乳化状液中的油和低含油废水中的油都有极好的吸附脱除能力。     

小流域管理与规划信息系统研制

以江苏省溧阳市同官片流域为例,通过建立小流域管理与规划信息系统,探求流域治理新模式,以促进流域经济的良性发展。简要介绍了基于小流域的系统设计和建立方法,系统的功能及其应用实例。     

柴油机排放碳颗粒物和NOx催化净化技术的研究进展

本文从柴油机排放的特点、柴油机排放的标准、柴油机排放碳颗粒物和NOx催化净化技术等方面进行了综述与探讨,就柴油机排放碳颗粒物和NOx催化净化技术的研究提出了一些建议和设想.     

Interactions of warming and altered nutrient load timing on the phenology of oxygen dynamics in Chesapeake Bay

The effects of nutrient loading on estuaries are well studied, given the multitude of negative water quality and ecosystem effects that have been attributed to excess nitrogen and phosphorus. A current gap in this knowledge involves the sensitivity of seasonal cycles of estuarine biogeochemical processes to direct (warming) and indirect influences (nutrient load timing) of climate change. We used a coupled hydrologic–biogeochemical model to investigate changes in the phenology of hypoxia and related biogeochemical processes in Chesapeake Bay under three different hydrologic regimes. Shifts to earlier nutrient load timing during idealized simulations reduced the overall annual hypoxic volume, resulting from discernable, but relatively small reductions in phytoplankton biomass and both sediment and water-column respiration. Simulated increases in water temperature caused an increase in spring/early summer hypoxic volume associated with elevated respiration rates, but an associated exhaustion of organic matter in the early summer caused a decrease in late summer/fall hypoxic volume due to lowered respiration. Warming effects on hypoxia were larger than nutrient timing effects in scenarios where warming was restricted to spring and when it was applied to all months of the year. These idealized simulations begin the process of understanding the potential impacts of future climatic changes in the seasonal timing of key biogeochemical processes associated with eutrophication.     

焦化废水生化处理研究新进展

焦化废水是炼焦、煤气净化及焦化产品回收过程中产生的废水。总结了近几年焦化废水生化处理技术与工艺及其影响因素,并结合近年来环境生物技术的前沿,提出了焦化废水生化处理技术的发展方向。     

燃煤电厂240t循环流化床锅炉电袋组合式除尘器的应用

介绍电袋组合式除尘器在燃煤电厂240t循环流化床锅炉尾部静电除尘器改造工程中的应用,主要内容包括系统设计、除尘器设计、环保部门的测试结果以及取得的改造效益,并对其结构和技术特点做了进一步的阐述。     

焙烧炉除尘系统的噪声治理

对某铝业公司焙烧炉除尘系统风机噪声和排气噪声进行治理,研究了风机噪声和排气噪声产生的原因和特点,提出了噪声控制方案,采用了风机出口管道安装消声器、针对排气噪声扩散在烟囱出口安装排气消声器、对排气烟囱管道支撑设置减振垫等措施,通过治理使该炉环境噪声影响得到有效控制。经环保部门监测,达到国家有关噪声标准要求。     

温度、pH值及盐度对龙须眼子菜吸附镉、铅的影响

以龙须眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)干样为材料,研究了不同温度、pH值和盐度对龙须眼子菜吸附镉、铅离子的影响.结果表明,不同温度及不同pH值下龙须眼子菜对镉吸附符合Langmuir模型,对铅的吸附符合Freundlich模型.与5 ℃、10 ℃、30 ℃处理相比,20 ℃时龙须眼子菜对镉、铅的吸附能力较强.当其它条件不变时,在pH值为3～7的范围内,龙须眼子菜对镉的吸附随pH值升高而增加,对铅的吸附随pH值升高而减少.在0.5～10 g·L-1的盐度范围内,随着溶液盐度的增加龙须眼子菜对镉吸附减少,但对铅的吸附却增加.龙须眼子菜是一种对镉、铅有很强的吸附能力的沉水植物,对温度、酸碱度、盐度适应范围也很广,因而可作为生物吸附剂用于含镉、含铅废水的处理.     

广州市PM10的时空变化特征分析

广州市的空气颗粒物污染呈逐年加重趋势,因此利用2001-2004年广州市空气自动监测点(国控点)监测的PM10日平均质量浓度资料,分析了广州市PM10的时空变化特征.统计结果表明,广州市PM10年平均质量浓度逐年递增,月平均质量浓度和季节变化趋势也较明显,秋冬季节污染较重,春夏季节污染较轻;污染较重的是海珠区和黄埔区,污染较轻的为越秀区、天河区和花都区;主成分分析显示各监测点对广州市PM10污染的贡献相当,不同监测点之间PM10质量浓度的变化主要受大尺度上的天气现象影响.     

Ecotone shift and major droughts during the mid-late Holocene in the central Tibetan Plateau

A well-dated pollen record from a large lake located on the meadow-steppe ecotone provides a history of ecotone shift in response to monsoonal climate changes over the last 6000 years in the central Tibetan Plateau. The pollen record indicates that the ecotone shifted eastward during 6000-4900, 4400-3900, and 2800-1600 cal. yr BP when steppes occupied this region, whereas it shifted westward during the other intervals when the steppes were replaced by meadows. The quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate derived from the pollen record shows that monsoon precipitation fluctuated around the present level over the last 6000 years in the central Tibetan Plateau. Three major drought episodes of 5600-4900, 4400-3900, and 2800-2400 cal. yr BP are detected by pollen signals and lake sediments. Comparison of our record with other climatic proxy data from the Tibetan Plateau and other monsoonal regions shows that these episodes are three major centennial-scale monsoon weakening events.