Bio-immobilization of Cu and Zn in recirculated bioreactor landfill

Purpose  

To protect the environmental quality of soil, groundwater, and surface water near the landfill site, it is necessary to make an accurate assessment of the heavy metal mobility. This study aims to present the bio-immobilization behavior of heavy metals in landfill and provide some reference suggestion for the manipulation of heavy metal pollution control after closure.     

连续流反应器中培养好氧颗粒污泥的运行效能研究

在连续流完全混合反应器(CSTR)中,采用不同进水方式,以乙酸钠作为碳源配制的人工配水作为原水,对好氧颗粒污泥的运行效能进行了试验研究。研究表明,采用不同进水方式运行的2个反应器在颗粒污泥出现后,运行效能差别不大;好氧颗粒污泥反应器运行高效稳定,在水力停留时间为1.5h、COD容积负荷为1.0kg/(m3·d)的条件下,对COD、TP、NH4+-N和TN的去除率分别为90%、85%、95%和60%,并具有明显的脱氮除磷效果;反应器中存在同步硝化反硝化现象。     

生物转鼓过滤器反硝化净化NO的效率研究

采用自行研制的生物转鼓过滤器(RDB)反硝化净化NO。结果表明,在实验温度为25～30℃、pH为7.0～7.5、转鼓转速为1.0r/min、空床停留时间(EBRT)为86.40s、营养液用量为5.0L、营养液更换频率为0.2L/d的条件下,RDB在30d内完成挂膜;RDB稳定运行期间,当NO进气质量浓度为90～433mg/m3时,NO去除率维持在42.9%～85.2%,平均去除负荷为10.40g/(m3.h);转鼓转速决定了生物膜表面的更新速率和液膜厚度,当转速为0.5r/min时,NO去除率达到最大值(75.0%);将营养液用量控制在1.3～3.0L较为合理;EBRT是决定反硝化效率的重要因素,当EBRT为345.60s时,NO去除率不受其进气浓度的影响,且去除率高达95%以上,当EBRT为43.20s、NO进气质量浓度从98mg/m3增加到1095mg/m3时,NO去除率从62.5%下降到30.7%,当进气负荷为50.00g/(m3.h)时,NO去除负荷达到最大值(27.50g/(m3.h))。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their methoxylated metabolites in anchovy (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coilia</Emphasis> sp.) from the Yangtze River Delta,China

Background, aim, and scope  

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites are toxic to animals, and concentrations of the PBDEs metabolites can exceed those of the parent materials. But no information was available on concentrations of PBDEs metabolites in the lower Yangtze River in the region around Jiangsu Province of China, which is heavily urbanized and industrialized area. The aims of this study were to determine whether PBDEs and their methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs) were accumulated in Coilia sp. in this area and to investigate the potential sources for these two kinds of brominated organic pollutants.     

CeO_2/Al_(0.2)Ti_(0.6)Zr_(0.2)O_(1.9)/ATS复合脱硝催化剂的制备及其抗硫抗水性能研究

将预先经酸处理的铝钛硅(ATS)多相陶瓷片先后负载Al0.2Ti0.6Zr0.2O1.9复合氧化物与CeO2活性组分,制得新型CeO2/Al0.2Ti0.6Zr0.2O1.9/ATS复合脱硝催化剂。运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)手段对该催化剂进行表征,研究催化剂的晶相、微观形貌。评价了催化剂的脱硝活性,研究了H2O和SO2对其脱硝活性的影响。实验结果表明,CeO2/Al0.2Ti0.6Zr0.2O1.9/ATS具有良好的脱硝活性,高活性温度窗口在100～350℃,当反应温度为250℃时,NO的转化率达98.49%。SO2和H2O在一定程度抑制该催化剂的低温脱硝活性,但随着温度的升高,其脱硝活性逐渐恢复。催化剂中活性组分CeO2具有储硫作用,当有SO2存在时,活性温度窗口向高温区偏移了100℃,在250～400℃时,H2O的存在反而提高了催化剂的脱硝活性。     

废弃中药渣催化热解制取生物油的研究

利用热重分析仪(TGA)对植物类中药渣的热解特性进行了研究,用Coats-Redfern积分法计算了其热解动力学参数,得出中药渣热解反应符合一级反应动力学方程,其活化能较低,为36.0kJ/mol。考察了热解温度对气体、液体、固体产物的影响,在723K时,液体产物生物油产率最高,为39%。以介孔分子筛SBA-15以及分别负载Al、Sn、Ni、Cu和Mg的SBA-15作为催化剂,研究催化热解对气体、液体、固体产率及生物油组分的影响。研究表明,Al-SBA-15的催化效果较好,液体产率最高,为36%;采用元素分析仪和热值测定仪,得到用Al-SBA-15作为催化剂时生物油的氧质量分数最低,低位热值最高。用GC/MS对生物油组分的分析结果表明,添加Al-SBA-15后,热解产物中脂肪族和芳香族化合物增加,而含氧化合物减少。     

Integrated emergy,energy and economic evaluation of rice and vegetable production systems in alluvial paddy fields: Implications for agricultural policy in China

China is the largest rice producing and consuming country in the world, but rice production has given way to the production of vegetables during the past twenty years. The government has been trying to stop this land-use conversion and increase the area in rice-vegetable rotation. Important questions that must be answered to determine what strategy is best for society are, “What is the reason behind this conversion?”; “Which system is more productive and which is more sustainable?”; and “How can economic policy be used to adjust the pattern of farmland use to attain sustainable development?” To answer these questions, a combined evaluation of these agricultural production systems was done using emergy, energy and economic methods. An economic analysis clearly showed that the reason for this conversion was simply that the economic output/input ratio and the benefit density of the vegetable production system were greater than that of rice. However, both energy and emergy evaluations showed that long-term rice was the best choice for sustainable development, followed by rotation systems. The current price of rice is lower than the em-value of rice produced from the long-term rice system, but higher than that of rice produced from the rotation system. Scenario analysis showed that if the government increases the price of rice to the em-value of rice produced from the long-term rice system, US$0.4/kg, and takes the value of soil organic matter into account, the economic output/input ratios of both the rice and rotation systems will be higher than that of the vegetable system. The three methods, energy, emergy and economics, are different but complementary, each revealing a different aspect of the same system. Their combined use shows not only the reasons behind a system’s current state or condition, but also the way to adjust these systems to move toward more sustainable states.     

中小型工业窑炉NOx废气的净化技术与应用

介绍了中小型工业窑炉生产过程中排放NOx的现状,并针对NOx的治理问题,从工程应用角度,简述了湿法和干法净化NOx的原理和化学反应过程。讨论了NOx排放特性和NOx废气中NO2/NOx比例的问题。提出了影响NOx治理的主要因素,包括吸收剂、吸附剂、催化剂和设备的部分应用参数,并结合工程实例指出工程需要注意的问题。介绍了多项采用湿法和干法净化NOx的工程应用项目,丰富了中小工业窑炉NOx废气的治理的实践经验,为中小工业窑炉排放NOx治理奠定了基础。     

基于GIS的景观生态功能指标分析

针对当前我国规划及战略环评指标体系中缺乏直接反映生态功能指标的问题,提出可通过系统研究区域景观生态结构与景观功能变化间的关系,由斑块面积指数计算生物生产力、由景观香农多样性指数和景观香农均匀度指数反映生态质量,以此表征景观生态功能。以地理信息系统（GIS）为平台,提出了利用基于斑块面积而得到的景观要素转移矩阵及基于年鉴统计而得到的景观单位面积生物生产力的转移矩阵来计算生物生产力的方法,并在统计若干研究流域景观格局异质性指数文献的基础上发掘了景观多样性指数、景观均匀度指数与生态质量间的关系。最后,以江苏省沿江地区2000、2004年的数据开展了实例分析,结果表明,提出的生物生产力和生态质量这两个指标确实能反映区域景观功能的变化,在今后的规划和战略环评中具有一定的应用前景.     

资源型城市贵阳市的生态可持续发展研究

生态可持续发展是资源型城市可持续发展的基础。应用生态足迹的方法,对资源型城市贵阳市的生态可持续发展做了定量评估,并分析了影响贵阳市生态可持续发展的社会经济驱动力。贵阳市1999年-2007年间生态足迹从1.447 hm2/cap增长到2.472hm2/cap,而生态承载力从0.551 hm2/cap下降至0.509 hm2/cap,生态足迹远超出生态承载力,生态系统处于不可持续发展状况。但贵阳市生态效率在不断改善,从1999年的0.500万元GDP/hm2生态足迹增长到2007年的0.787万元GDP/hm2生态足迹,生态系统改善仍存在一定契机。人口增加、能耗增加等因素会导致贵阳市生态足迹增加,而增加农作物播种面积则可减少生态足迹。应用生态足迹的方法,有利于分析资源型城市可持续发展的相关问题,最后就如何缓解贵阳市生态系统压力,促进贵阳市生态可持续发展进行了探讨。