进水水质成分改变引发的污泥粘性膨胀及控制

在研究强化SBR工艺除污性能时,由于可溶性淀粉投加导致进水水质成分发生改变,污泥沉降性能在短时间内迅速恶化,污泥出现大量的粘液。镜检发现,大量指状菌胶团异常增殖且丝状菌的数量也逐渐减少。实验结果表明,系统膨胀属于污泥粘性膨胀。停止可溶性淀粉和提高主反应池的DO浓度,污泥粘性膨胀并未得到恢复,但污泥粘液逐渐消失。粘液消失后,通过模拟前期进水水质成分和缩短泥龄,污泥粘性膨胀得以控制,污泥沉降性能在短时间内恢复。实验还研究了污泥粘性膨胀对污染物去除性能的影响。     

Study on the Relationship between Tourist Influence and Residents’ Sense of Community:An Empirical Study from Changdao Countyin Shandong Province

Residents’ sense of community is an important prerequisite to promote the development of community.Tourism has significant influence on residents’ sense of community.An empirical study from Changdao shows that economy and life conflict caused by tourism can affect neighborhood-friendly and community participation significantly.Culture,environment and social services from tourism can significantly affect community association,community care and place recognition.Therefore,the regional managers should pay attention to allocate revenues in the residents fairly and protect own culture to avoid the negative impact from tourism.     

偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对α-萘酚的吸附

以腈纶纤维为原料络合Fe3+制得偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维,用其处理α-萘酚溶液,研究了偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对α-萘酚的吸附工艺条件和吸附动力学参数。实验结果表明,偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对α-萘酚的最佳吸附工艺条件为pH=3.0、吸附温度313.15K和吸附时间45min。在最佳工艺条件下,偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对α-萘酚的吸附在所研究的α-萘酚浓度范围内符合Freundlich等温吸附方程。未达到饱和吸附前,偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对α-萘酚的吸附符合一级反应动力学特征。     

用废变压器油吸收废气中的二甲苯

以废变压器油作为吸收剂对二甲苯废气进行吸收处理,考察了影响二甲苯气体去除率的因素。实验结果表明:二甲苯废气流量为350 L/h、废变压器油喷淋量为40 L/h、进口二甲苯废气平日质量浓度为935 mg/m~3、吸收温度为18℃、吸收时间为50 min时,出口二甲苯气体质量浓度为35 mg/m~3,二甲苯去除率高达96.3%,小于GB16297—1996《大气污染物综合排放标准》中二甲苯质量浓度90 mg/m~3的排放标准。     

化工园区空气中非甲烷总烃与挥发性有机物的定量关系

采用美国环保署(EPA)推荐的TO14/15方法和自动监测测定了某化工园区空气中挥发性有机物(VOC)以及非甲烷总烃,测定结果显示化工园区空气中非甲烷总烃与VOC的定量关系可以通过有效碳质量浓度建立,即非甲烷总烃有效碳质量浓度和VOC有效碳质量浓度之和相等。并藉此定义总有效碳解析度(R)以表征空气自动监测选定项目对空气有机污染的覆盖率指标,计算结果表明该空气自动监测选定的11项指标平均可表征该区域空气有机污染的71%。     

Integrated emergy,energy and economic evaluation of rice and vegetable production systems in alluvial paddy fields: Implications for agricultural policy in China

China is the largest rice producing and consuming country in the world, but rice production has given way to the production of vegetables during the past twenty years. The government has been trying to stop this land-use conversion and increase the area in rice-vegetable rotation. Important questions that must be answered to determine what strategy is best for society are, “What is the reason behind this conversion?”; “Which system is more productive and which is more sustainable?”; and “How can economic policy be used to adjust the pattern of farmland use to attain sustainable development?” To answer these questions, a combined evaluation of these agricultural production systems was done using emergy, energy and economic methods. An economic analysis clearly showed that the reason for this conversion was simply that the economic output/input ratio and the benefit density of the vegetable production system were greater than that of rice. However, both energy and emergy evaluations showed that long-term rice was the best choice for sustainable development, followed by rotation systems. The current price of rice is lower than the em-value of rice produced from the long-term rice system, but higher than that of rice produced from the rotation system. Scenario analysis showed that if the government increases the price of rice to the em-value of rice produced from the long-term rice system, US$0.4/kg, and takes the value of soil organic matter into account, the economic output/input ratios of both the rice and rotation systems will be higher than that of the vegetable system. The three methods, energy, emergy and economics, are different but complementary, each revealing a different aspect of the same system. Their combined use shows not only the reasons behind a system’s current state or condition, but also the way to adjust these systems to move toward more sustainable states.     

Development Potentials and Policy Options of Biomass in China

Biomass, one of the most important renewable energies, is playing and will continue to play an important role in the future energy structure of the world. This article aims to analyze the position and role, assess the resource availability, discuss the geographic distribution, market scale and industry development, and present the policy options of biomass in China. The resource availability and geographical distribution of biomass byproducts are assessed in terms of crop residues, manure, forest and wood biomass byproducts, municipal waste and wastewater. The position of biomass use for power generation is just next to hydropower among types of renewable energy in China. The potential quantity of all biomass byproducts energy in 2004 is 3511 Mtce (Mtce is the abbreviation of million tons of coal equivalents and 1 Mtce is equal to10⁶ tce.), while the acquirable quantity is 460 Mtce. Biomass energy plays a critical role in rural regions of China. The geographical distribution and quantity of biomass byproducts resources depends mainly on the relationship between ecological zones and climate conditions. Our estimation shows that the total quantity of crop residues, manure, forest and wood biomass byproducts, municipal waste and wastewater resources are 728, 3926, 2175, 155 and 48240 Mt (million tons), respectively. Crop residues come mainly from the provinces of Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Sichuan. All manure is mainly located in the provinces of Henan, Shandong, Sichuan, Hebei and Hunan. Forest and wood biomass byproducts are mainly produced in the provinces or autonomous regions of Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, while most of municipal waste mainly comes from Guangdong, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Hubei and Jiangsu. Most of wastewater is largely discharged from advanced provinces like Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Henan. Biomass byproducts’ energy distribution also varies from province to province in China. Based on the analysis of the market scale and industry development, the article argues that China’s biomass energy industry is still at a very early stage of development and that Feed-in Tariffs (FIT) might be the best policy option for China to promote its development of biomass energy. A successful enforcement of FIT in China needs some policy combination of special capital subsidies, R&D funding, tax incentives and pricing.     

江苏沿海风能资源禀赋与开发利用研究

江苏沿海地区拥有丰富的风能资源,开发前景十分广阔,尤其是中部、南部地区拥有广阔的沿海滩涂和辐射沙洲,建设沿海风电场的条件优越,是打造江苏"海上三峡"新能源基地的希望所在。阐述了江苏沿海风能资源开发的重要意义,分析了沿海风能资源的禀赋与时空分布特点,指出江苏沿海岸区风能资源丰富,且沿海滩涂宽广,是建立大型风力发电场的理想之地,在此基础上提出发展江苏沿海绿色能源基地的构想。     

稠油火驱开采技术节能减排效果分析

火驱作为稠油热采的有效接替技术,与注蒸汽开采技术相比,具有采收率高,能耗低,CO_2排放少的优势。文章从火驱驱油机理特征阐述了火驱与注蒸汽技术的不同点,从燃料开采能耗、热效率、注入剂资源、数据对比四个方面分析火驱比注蒸汽热效率高,无燃料开采成本,能耗是注蒸汽的50%;从CO_2气体排放方式和排放量对比可知,火驱能够减少温室气体排放,为油田节能减排、环保生产起到积极作用。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their methoxylated metabolites in anchovy (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coilia</Emphasis> sp.) from the Yangtze River Delta,China

Background, aim, and scope  

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites are toxic to animals, and concentrations of the PBDEs metabolites can exceed those of the parent materials. But no information was available on concentrations of PBDEs metabolites in the lower Yangtze River in the region around Jiangsu Province of China, which is heavily urbanized and industrialized area. The aims of this study were to determine whether PBDEs and their methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs) were accumulated in Coilia sp. in this area and to investigate the potential sources for these two kinds of brominated organic pollutants.