智能型高压试验专用围栏的研制及应用

针对高压试验过程中普通围栏存在的弊端,依据红外感应原理,通过对各种制作方案的比较,研制出智能型高压试验专用围栏。应用结果表明:围栏具有良好的防人身触电效果,可以有效地提高现场安全水平。     

陕西关中近40年春季旱涝分析

对关中近４０ａ６站３～４月降水量进行了标准旱涝等级分析和谐波分析，得出风调雨顺年份少，旱涝年份多，有２～３ａ及２０ａ的显著周期。研究发现埃尔尼诺、太阳黑子相对数、西太平洋副高综合指数与旱涝变化规律有很好的对应关系，并有很高的相关系数。     

活性污泥一号模型参数影响的分析研究

自从国际水质污染与控制协会（IAWQ）推出的活性污泥数学模型ASM系列以来,活性污泥工艺中的动力学过程得到了更精确的描述。通过对活性污泥一号模型（ASM1）的诸多参数文献值进行了分析研究,从中筛选出对模拟结果影响较大的部分,并做出灵敏度分析,为模拟研究和污水处理实际控制提供帮助。研究发现pH、Ks、bH、KH、Kx和YH对于出水中有机物影响较大,bH、YH、bA、μA、K0A、KNH和YA对氮组分的影响较大;bH和YH对硝酸盐氮降解影响较大。     

双河洞流域氢氧同位素特征及其指示意义

为了探究喀斯特区域地表水与地下水的相互转化关系及水-岩作用特征,以双河洞流域为研究对象,分别在2018年12月和2019年6月对流域地表水与地下水进行监测采样。运用数理统计、Piper三线图、回归分析等方法对水样的氢氧同位素组成和水化学特征进行分析。结果表明：(1)旱季和雨季流域内地表水、地下水优势阳离子以Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺为主,优势阴离子以HCO^-₃为主;水化学类型为Ca²⁺·Mg²⁺-HCO^-₃型。(2)流域内氢氧同位素具有季节变化特征,表现为雨季高、旱季低;流域沿程有着复杂的转换关系,池武溪上游以地下水补给地表水为主,池武溪中游至下游地表水与地下水交替补给。(3)流域氘盈余值呈现出旱季低雨季高的季节差异,在水-岩作用的影响下与当地大气降水的氘盈余值变化特征相反,而且水-岩作用强烈的区域与流域洞穴密集分布的特点相对应。     

农业非点源氮污染研究进展分析

概述了非点源污染的概念、特征及非点源氮素对水环境的影响,阐述了两种形态的非点源氮素NH+4-N和NO-3-N的迁移机理、流失途径(地表径流和渗漏淋失)及其自然和人为影响因素;非点源污染负荷定量计算的方法,及计算非点源污染负荷模型的发展趋势。提出了控制农田非点源氮素的措施。     

大型设备安装的安全价值功能分析与应用

基于华菱涟钢二炼铁厂360m2烧结机技改工程的建安施工,针对烧结矿环冷机的卸矿溜槽安装作业的危险源因素,运用安全功能分析,提出了经济合理的安全措施方案并实施,保障了施工过程的职业健康安全.     

Performance and recent improvement in microbial fuel cells for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal: A review

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have become a promising technology for wastewater treatment accompanying electricity generation. Carbon and nitrogen removal can be achieved by utilizing the electron transfer between the anode and cathode in an MFC. However, large-scale power production and high removal efficiency must be achieved at a low cost to make MFCs practical and economically competitive in the future. This article reviews the principles, feasibility and bottlenecks of MFCs for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal, the recent advances and prospective strategies for performance improvement, as well as the involved microbes and electron transfer mechanisms.     

Inhalation health effects of fine particles from the co-combustion of coal and refuse derived fuel

This paper is concerned with health effects from the inhalation of particulate matter (PM) emitted from the combustion of coal, and from the co-combustion of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and pulverized coal mixtures, under both normal and low NO_x conditions. Specific issues focus on whether the addition of RDF to coal has an effect on PM toxicity, and whether the application of staged combustion (for low NO_x) may also be a factor in this regard.

Ash particles were sampled and collected from a pilot scale combustion unit and then re-suspended and diluted to concentrations of 1000 μg/m³. These particles were inhaled by mice, which were held in a nose-only exposure configuration. Exposure tests were for 1 h per day, and involved three sets (eight mice per set) of mice. These three sets were exposed over 8, 16, and 24 consecutive days, respectively. Pathological lung damage was measured in terms of increases in lung permeability.

Results show that the re-suspended coal/RDF ash appeared to cause very different effects on lung permeability than did coal ash alone. In addition, it was also shown that a “snapshot” of lung properties after a fixed number of daily 1-h exposures, can be misleading, since apparent repair mechanisms cause lung properties to change over a period of time. For the coal/RDF, the greatest lung damage (in terms of lung permeability increase) occurred at the short exposure period of 8 days, and thereafter appeared to be gradually repaired. Ash from staged (low NO_x) combustion of coal/RDF appeared to cause greater lung injury than that from unstaged (high NO_x) coal/RDF combustion, although the temporal behavior and (apparent) repair processes in each case were similar. In contrast to this, coal ash alone showed a slight decrease of lung permeability after 1 and 3 days, and this disappeared after 12 days. These observations are interpreted in the light of mechanisms proposed in the literature. The results all suggest that the composition of particles actually inhaled is important in determining lung injury. Particle size segregated leachability measurements showed that water soluble sulfur, zinc, and vanadium, but not iron, were present in the coal/RDF ash particles, which caused lung permeabilities to increase. However, the differences in health effects between unstaged and staged coal/RDF combustion could not be attributed to variations in pH values of the leachate.     

环境侵害赔偿标准的具体化研究

我国环境权理论存在不完善之处，公民环境权利的行使受到很大限制。在探讨环境侵害的基础上，对如何将环境侵害赔偿标准具体化提出了一些意见，以便使公民能真正拥有环境权，司法或行政机关能妥善处理环境纠纷。     

硅胶负载纳米TiO2催化臭氧化降解水中微量硝基苯的研究

研究了纳米TiO2负载于硅胶表面作为臭氧氧化硝基苯过程中的催化剂时,热处理温度对催化活性的影响.结果表明,在700℃条件下烧结的纳米TiO2/硅胶表现出了最佳活性,反应10min硝基苯去除率相比于单独臭氧氧化提高了约25%.在一定范围内催化剂投量越大,硝基苯去除率越高.碱性pH环境有利于催化臭氧化反应的进行,但当pH值高于10时,硝基苯去除率有所降低.催化臭氧化反应遵循一级反应,反应速率常数与硝基苯的初始浓度无关.典型的自由基捕获剂叔丁醇与碳酸根离子对硝基苯的降解有强烈的抑制作用,间接地证明催化臭氧化反应遵循自由基作用机理.反应温度为10～40℃之间时,硝基苯去除率随着温度升高而提高.催化剂重复使用实验证明TiO2在硅胶表面负载牢固,催化剂具有较好的稳定性与耐用性.