Fenton-混凝法应急处理汽车涂装废水的研究

采用Fenton-混凝法快速处理汽车涂装废水,并对产生的污泥进行磁分离,研究了Fenton试剂最佳投加量、Fenton反应初始pH、Fenton反应时间和投加磁粉加重剂等因素对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:在H2O2投加量为5.12 mL/L,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为1.75g/L,Fenton初始pH为3⁵,Fenton反应时间为10 min的条件下,经Fenton-混凝法处理的涂装废水出水COD、TP和SS浓度均可达GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准,去除率分别达94%、98%和94%以上;出水中Zn、Ni、Cu、Cr(Ⅵ)也都能达到一级排放标准。此外,磁粉的投加为小体积应急处理设备的设计制造提供了技术与经济上的可行性。     

多级厌氧缺氧好氧活性污泥法新工艺研究

多级厌氧缺氧好氧活性污泥法是由若干个厌氧缺氧好氧串联的形式组成,利用分段厌氧进水,形成多级厌氧-缺氧和多级缺氧-好氧同时交替运行,具有反硝化除磷和高效脱氮功能,采用无内回流技术,通过调节流量比值实现强化除磷与强化脱氮的控制目标,并具有污泥浓度高、抗冲击能力强、污泥减量、优化利用碳源、节省运行能耗和曝气量等特点,是节能型高效除磷脱氮新工艺,为城市污水高效除磷脱氮提供新的思路及途径。     

粉末活性炭强化常规处理工艺时混凝效能的研究

在水源水质突然变差时,为了保证饮用水水质和水厂的经济低耗运行。以松花江水为原水,采用不同投量的粉末活性炭(PAC)来强化常规处理工艺,通过实验考察了硫酸铝(AS)、聚合氯化铝(PACl)、复合铝铁（PAF）及后2种混凝剂分别与助凝剂高锰酸盐复合药剂（PPC）、活化硅酸配合使用时对浊度和COD_Mn的去除情况。实验结果表明：（1）在进水水质相同的情况下,以浊度和COD_Mn为控制指标,达到同样的处理效果时,制水成本比较的结果为PAF相似文献   

Characteristics of nutrients in natural wetland in winter: a case study

The transformation, composition, and distribution characteristics of nutrients in natural wetlands are significantly affected by human activities, such as large-scale water conservancy projects and agricultural activities. It is necessary to reveal the composing and distribution characteristics of nutrients for elucidating its complex removal and retention mechanisms in natural wetlands. In this study, the composition and the spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen in a natural wetland in central China were illustrated and analyzed. The self-organizing map (SOM) model was used in this study to assess the water quality dataset of the wetland. The relationships between nitrogen and other water quality parameters were revealed by the visualization function of the SOM model with the pre-processed data; the modeling result was in agreement with the linear correlation analysis. The results indicated that the SOM model was suitable for the assessment of field-scale date of natural wetlands, and finally a potential approach for predicting the nutrients concentrations in natural wetlands was also found.     

Spatio-temporal variations of carbon dioxide and its gross emission regulated by artificial operation in a typical hydropower reservoir in China

Supersaturation and excess emission of greenhouse gases in freshwater reservoirs have received a great deal of attention in recent years. Although impoundment of reservoirs has been shown to contribute to the net emission of greenhouse gases, reservoir age, geographical distribution, submerged soil type and artificial regulation also have a great impact on their emissions. To examine how large scale reservoir operation impact the water column CO₂ and its air–water interface flux, a field study was conducted in 2010 to evaluate potential ecological processes that regulate the partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂) in the water column in the Pengxi River backwater area (PBA), a typical tributary in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Measurements of total alkalinity (TA), pH and water temperature were applied to compute the pCO₂. And this approach was also validated by calculation of pCO₂ from the dissolved inorganic carbon data of samples. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to determine how the dynamics of the water pCO₂ were related to the available variables. The estimated pCO₂ in our sample ranged from 26 to 4,087 μatm in the surface water. During low water operation from July to early September, there was an obvious pCO₂ stratification, and pCO₂ in the surface was almost unsaturated. This phenomenon was also observed in the spring bloom during discharge period. Conversely, there was no significant pCO₂ stratification and the entire water column was supersaturated during high water operation from November to the following February. Significant correlation was observed between the magnitude of pCO₂, DO and chlorophyll a, suggesting that phytoplankton dynamics regulate pCO₂ in the PBA. The average areal rate of CO₂ emissions from the Pengxi River ranged from 18.06 to 48.09 mmol m^?2 day^?1, with an estimated gross CO₂ emission from the water surface of 14–37 t day^?1 in this area in 2010. Photosynthesis and respiration rates by phytoplankton might be the dominant processes that regulated pCO₂ in the water column. We conclude that pCO₂ values in the surface water of Pengxi River could be regarded as potential sources of CO₂ to the atmosphere were smaller or similar to those that have been reported for many other reservoirs to date.     

微氧折流反应器中产甲烷菌的分布与群落结构分析

为了研究微氧条件下折流反应器处理生活污水的微生物学机理,针对产甲烷菌的MCR基因采用实时荧光定量PCR和构建克隆文库的方法,对反应器中的关键功能微生物产甲烷菌的分布特点与群落结构变化进行了分析。结果表明,微氧条件下折流反应器的环境条件可以保证产甲烷菌的增长,不同格室的产甲烷菌丰度均要高于接种污泥(1 720 copies/ng),其中经过微氧曝气处理的1#(2 864 copies/ng)和2#(2 282 copies/ng)格室产甲烷菌丰度低于厌氧状态的3#(3 508copies/ng)格室;微氧处理后折流反应器产甲烷菌的群落结构发生了明显的变化,接种污泥的产甲烷菌多属于Methanomicrobiales目的 Methanoregulaceae属(6/9),而保持微氧状态的1#格室中产甲烷菌多隶属于Methanomicrobiales目(6/10)的其他类群,2#格室的产甲烷菌则多隶属于Methanobacteriales目(5/10),保持厌氧状态的3#格室的产甲烷菌主要属于Methanomicrobiales目(3/10)和Methanosarcinales目(3/10);产甲烷菌MCR基因的多样性指数表明微氧曝气的引入降低了活性污泥中产甲烷菌的生物多样性。     

基于AHP-RANC模型的湖南省“十三五”生态环境评价

以湖南省“十三五”时期生态环境状况及变化情况为研究内容,在采用压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型确定湖南省生态环境质量评价指标的基础上,使用改进的层次分析-基于排名和非层次比较法(AHP-RANC)计算各指标权重,构建了湖南省生态环境质量综合评价体系,并对“十三五”期间湖南省生态环境系统进行综合评价。分析结果表明：城市环境优良天数比例、酸雨频率、地表水优Ⅲ比例、饮用水水源达标率、生物丰度指数、各污染物万元国内生产总值排放总量、污水处理率以及一般工业固体废物处理率等是影响湖南省生态环境质量的重要因素;“十三五”期间湖南省生态环境综合评价指数逐步改善,由最低值0.291(2016年)波动上升至最高值0.705(2020年),PSR循环由一般变为较好;从综合分析结果来看,生态环境质量受“天”和“人”影响较大,“十四五”期间生态环境系统的良性循环有待进一步巩固加强。     

贮灰场灰水污染物运移的数值分析

从环境保护的角度出发,针对灰水溶质运移污染地下水的问题,应用混合防渗材料作为防渗层,通过有限元程序模拟贮灰场的实际运行条件,进行了有无防渗层条件下污染物运移的对比计算分析.结果表明,防渗层可有效地减少灰水渗漏量,缩小污染物的长期扩散范围;在灰场底部和内侧设置防渗层是有效的防污染措施.     

Effective removal of antibiotic resistance genes and potential links with archaeal communities during vacuum-type composting and positive-pressure composting

As a major reservoir of antibiotics, animal manure contributes a lot to the augmented environmental pressure of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This might be the first study to explore the effects of different ventilation types on the control of ARGs and to identify the relationships between archaeal communities and ARGs during the composting of dairy manure. Several ARGs were quantified via Real-time qPCR and microbial communities including bacteria and archaea were analyzed by High-throughput sequencing during vacuum-type composting (VTC) and positive-pressure composting (PPC). The total detected ARGs and class I integrase gene (intI1) under VTC were significantly lower than that under PPC during each stage of the composting (p < 0.001). The relative abundance of potential human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) which were identified based on sequencing information and correlation analysis decreased by 74.6% and 91.4% at the end of PPC and VTC, respectively. The composition of archaeal communities indicated that methane-producing archaea including Methanobrevibacter, Methanocorpusculum and Methanosphaera were dominant throughout the composting. Redundancy analysis suggested that Methanobrevibacter and Methanocorpusculum were positively correlated with all of the detected ARGs. Network analysis determined that the possible hosts of ARGs were different under VTC and PPC, and provided new sights about potential links between archaea and ARGs. Our results showed better performance of VTC in reducing ARGs and potential HPB and demonstrated that some archaea could also be influential hosts of ARGs, and caution the risks of archaea carrying ARGs.     

岩溶洞穴系统CO2迁移特征及其环境耦合关系研究

作为岩溶地下空间特有的窗口,洞穴CO₂通常较高且补给过程复杂,研究洞穴CO₂不仅有利于探明岩溶系统CO₂三相运移过程,对寻找遗漏碳汇也具有积极意义。为了研究不同季节下岩溶洞穴系统各层CO₂变化特征,揭示其迁移路径,进一步探究洞穴系统CO₂来源,对不同季节麻黄洞上覆土壤、洞穴滴水及洞穴空气CO₂进行密集监测,结合数理统计及相关模型对数据进行分析。结果表明:(1)麻黄洞洞穴系统各层CO₂存在雨季高旱季低的季节特征,作为主要补给源,土壤CO₂在各层CO₂变化中发挥重要的作用,通风效应影响洞穴CO₂浓度的变化。(2)pCO_2(H)计算结果表明,麻黄洞内滴水点存在不同的补给过程,除上覆土壤CO₂补给外,还存在表层岩溶带的补给。(3)模型分析表明,麻黄洞洞穴滴水全年均处于脱气状态,使洞内发生沉积,形成洞穴沉积物。分析洞穴系统上各层CO₂运移特征,为寻找遗失碳汇以及岩溶地区碳循环研究提供科学参考。