大气颗粒物化学质量平衡源解析方法研究

对基于化学质量平衡原理（CMB）的大气颗粒物来源解析方法中各步骤的研究情况进行综述。重点对土壤尘、煤烟尘、尾气尘、道路尘、城市扬尘、建筑水泥尘、海盐粒子等污染源样品采集方法,环境空气中颗粒物样品采集用滤膜及采样器,样品中各组分分析方法,以及采用cMB模型进行源解析拟合计算软件的发展情况进行了介绍,同时针对目前源解析中存在的问题提出了一些建议。     

污泥堆肥及其应用研究

随着城市化进程的不断推进,城市污水厂所处理的污水量不断增大,由此产生了数量庞大的污泥,致使城市污水厂的污泥的合理处理处置成为研究热点.目前污泥的主要处理方法有卫生填埋、污泥堆肥以及焚烧等,其中污泥堆肥为诸多学者所赞同.文章探讨了污泥堆肥的基本原理与过程,介绍了条垛式堆肥系统、强制通风静态垛系统、反应器堆肥系统以及槽式堆肥系统的发展与污泥堆肥在农业以及绿化方面的应用情况,以期为污泥堆肥的发展与应用提供一定的参考.     

硫酸改性火山石对水中左氧氟沙星的吸附研究

利用硫酸改性火山石对水中左氧氟沙星进行吸附,通过XRD、SEM和FT-IR等手段对吸附剂进行表征,考察了吸附剂投加量、初始pH、共存盐类和吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行拟合。结果表明：天然火山石经硫酸改性后孔隙结构更加丰富,抗pH和共存盐类干扰能力较强;当吸附剂投加量为25 g/L、pH为3.0、温度20℃、左氧氟沙星初始浓度为50 mg/L、吸附平衡时间为120 min时,改性火山石对左氧氟沙星吸附去除率可达99.46%;天然和改性火山石的吸附过程符合伪一级和伪二级动力学;在20℃时,Langmuir等温方程式能更好地描述天然火山石对左氧氟沙星的吸附行为,而改性火山石对左氧氟沙星的吸附更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型;吸附过程同时包括物理吸附和化学吸附。     

CuMnOx/γ-Al2O3及稀土助剂对VOCs催化燃烧性能的影响

利用浸渍法制备了Cu-Mn复合氧化物催化剂和加入不同稀土含量的Cu-Mn复合氧化物催化剂,通过实验优选出加入稀土催化剂中稀土含量的最优配比,以气相色谱为检测手段,考察了加入稀土和不加稀土催化剂的催化燃烧性能,结果表明,加入稀土的催化剂T₉₉（催化处理效率达到99%时的温度）比不加稀土的催化剂降低30～40℃,具有更好的低温活性,且对多种VOCs均能降低反应温度。     

油田企业HSE审核重点

结合近年来HSE审核情况,分析了油田企业在HSE审核关键点上存在的问题,提出了HSE审核重点。     

Changing the Course of Rivers in an Asian City: Linking Landscapes to Human Benefits through Iterative Modeling and Design

Concerns over water scarcity, climate change, and environmental health risks have prompted some Asian cities to invest in river rehabilitation, but deciding on the end goals of rehabilitation is a complex undertaking. We propose a multidisciplinary framework linking riparian landscape change to human well‐being, providing information relevant to decision makers, in a format that facilitates stakeholder involvement. We illustrate this through a case study of the densely settled, environmentally degraded, and flood prone Ciliwung River flowing through metropolitan Jakarta, Indonesia. Our methodology attempts to respond to this complexity through an iterative approach, strongly based on conceptualization and mathematical modeling. Nested hydrologic, hydrodynamic, and water quality models provide outputs at catchment‐, corridor‐, and localized site‐scales. Advanced 3‐D landscape modeling is used for procedural design and precise visualization of proposed changes and their impacts, as predicted by the mathematical models. Finally, participatory planning and design methods allow us to obtain critical stakeholder feedback in shaping a socially acceptable approach. Our framework aims at demonstrating that a change in paradigm in river rehabilitation is possible, and providing future scenarios that balance concerns over flooding, water quality, and ecology, with the realities of a rapidly growing megacity.     

HSE管理体系在油田企业实施现状中的分析

2004年10月1日,华东石油局、华东分公司HSE管理体系正式发布实施。HSE管理体系的引入与推广,是局、分公司贯彻落实“安全第一、预防为主、综合治理”安全生产方针的体现，是将健康、安全与环境管理从事后处理向事前预防管理理念的重大转变，是传统管理经验与现代系统管理模式有机结合的正确抉择。     

Long-term (≥20 years) application of fertilizers and straw return enhances soil carbon storage: a meta-analysis

Increasing soil carbon (C) storage is crucial to addressing climate change and ensuring food security. The C sequestration potential of the world’s cropland soil is 0.4–0.8 Pg soil C year^?1, which may be achieved through the adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs), including fertilizer management. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of long-term application of different fertilizers and straw retention on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, to compare the calculated response ratios with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)-recommended default relative stock change factors, and to propose recommendations for enhancing SOC sequestration. The meta-analysis indicated that the long-term application of chemical fertilizers (CF), organic fertilizers (OF), combined chemical and organic fertilizers (CFOF), and straw return (SR) significantly enhanced the SOC storage. Response ratios varied significantly (p < 0.05) across different fertilization measures and climatic zones, and was sensitive to the initial SOC content. The mean response ratio was 0.94 for no fertilizer (NF), 1.08 for CF, 1.48 for OF, 1.38 for CFOF, and 1.28 for SR. When IPCC default values for response ratios were applied, SOC storage with OF and CFOF treatments in warm temperate regions with a dry climate was underestimated by 26%, and in the cool temperate region with a moist climate was overestimated by 25% (p < 0.05). Analysis showed that sustained application of organic fertilizers and straw return could be a beneficial measures to mitigate climate change and ensure food security in China. Our findings highlight the importance of deriving SOC stock change factors for a detailed classification of cropland by fertilizer management, climate, and soil types in order to more accurately reflect the effects of policy measures.     

施氮量及抑制剂配比对双季稻生长期温室气体排放的影响

采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了南方稻田不同施氮量及抑制剂配比对双季稻生长期内CH4、N2O和CO2排放的影响。结果表明,双季稻田施氮与抑制剂配合施用的CH4、N2O和CO2总排放量明显低于对照（常规施肥）,其中CH4总排放量降低了7.6%～36.4%,N2O降低了25.8%～29.9%,CO2降低了17.7%～30.4%。早稻收获后各处理土壤NH4^＋-N和NO3^--N含量存在明显差异,添加抑制剂处理的土壤NH4^＋-N含量均高于对照,增幅为25.1%～77.0%,土壤NO3^--N以早稻移栽前基施N 240 kg·hm^-2配合12‰NAM和晚稻追施N 30 kg·hm^-2的处理比对照降低了61.8%（P﹤0.05）,而基施N 330 kg·hm^-2配合8‰NAM处理可能因早稻施氮过量反而高于对照。表明合理的施氮量及抑制剂添加比例能有效提高土壤中NH4^＋-N含量,减少NO3^--N残留,从而达到降低双季稻期间稻田温室气体排放的效果,为进一步利用抑制剂（NAM）与N、P、K化肥合理配比并形成复配肥,构建南方双季稻田温室气体减排的新型施肥模式提供技术支撑。     

改性山竹壳钝化Cd、Cu、Zn复合污染土壤的研究

以天然山竹壳(Man)为原料,采用KMnO4氧化法制备得到改性山竹壳(Mn-Man),通过扫描电镜和红外光谱对Mn-Man进行了物化性质表征,研究了Mn-Man对水溶液中Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附特征,在此基础上将Mn-Man投入重金属复合污染土壤中研究其钝化效果,分析了钝化前后土壤理化性质和重金属稳定性.结果...