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991.
992.
某淀粉厂在原有处理工艺的基础上增加厌氧UASB及好氧CASS工艺,完善了物化处理+生化处理的最佳工艺流程。运行结果表明:用该工艺处理淀粉废水,其出水水质达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级排放标准。 相似文献
993.
994.
云南荞麦地流域地下水水化学特征及物质来源分析 总被引:1,自引:6,他引:1
为研究荞麦地流域地下水的水化学特征及物质来源,2017年7月在研究区共采集地下水的水样32个,综合运用聚类分析、因子分析和路径模型分析等方法,分析了荞麦地流域地下水水化学特征,并定性和定量探讨了荞麦地流域地下水水化学的物质来源.结果表明,研究区内水体整体呈弱碱性,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-和N_3O~-等主要阴阳离子具有较高的空间变异性.通过聚类分析可知,研究区内地下水可分为两大类:A类和B类,分别具有两个子集:A_1、A_2、B_1和B_2,并且从A类地下水到B类地下水化学类型开始变得复杂,A类地下水水化学类型均为HCO_3-Ca型,B_1类地下水和B_2类地下水分别有HCO_3-Ca型、HCO_3-Na·Ca型、HCO_3-Na·Ca·Mg型和HCO_3-Ca型、HCO_3-Ca·Mg型、HCO_3-Na·Ca型各3类.为进一步探讨地下水水化学的影响因素,通过因子分析和路径模型分析可确定碳酸盐岩、人类活动、蒸发岩和硅酸盐岩是地下水的主要物质来源.其中人类活动的作用和MgSO_4型蒸发岩的溶解,是形成以碳酸盐岩为地下水化学组分的主要来源,同时具有多元地下水水化学特征的重要原因. 相似文献
995.
996.
The submicron particulate matter (PM1) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are very important due to their greater adverse impacts on the natural environment and human health. In this study, the daily PM1 and PM2.5 samples were collected during early summer 2018 at a sub-urban site in the urban-industrial port city of Tianjin, China. The collected samples were analyzed for the carbonaceous fractions, inorganic ions, elemental species, and specific marker sugar species. The chemical characterization of PM1 and PM2.5 was based on their concentrations, compositions, and characteristic ratios (PM1/PM2.5, AE/CE, NO3?/SO42?, OC/EC, SOC/OC, OM/TCA, K+/EC, levoglucosan/K+, V/Cu, and V/Ni). The average concentrations of PM1 and PM2.5 were 32.4 µg/m3 and 53.3 µg/m3, and PM1 constituted 63% of PM2.5 on average. The source apportionment of PM1 and PM2.5 by positive matrix factorization (PMF) model indicated the main sources of secondary aerosols (25% and 34%), biomass burning (17% and 20%), traffic emission (20% and 14%), and coal combustion (17% and 14%). The biomass burning factor involved agricultural fertilization and waste incineration. The biomass burning and primary biogenic contributions were determined by specific marker sugar species. The anthropogenic sources (combustion, secondary particle formation, etc) contributed significantly to PM1 and PM2.5, and the natural sources were more evident in PM2.5. This work significantly contributes to the chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM1 and PM2.5 in near-port cities influenced by the diverse sources. 相似文献
997.
Jijie Kong Yuxuan Dai Mengshu Han Huan He Jiapeng Hu Junyi Zhang Junzhe Shi Qiming Xian Shaogui Yang Cheng Sun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(4):159-169
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) have toxic potentials that are higher than those of their corresponding parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and thus have received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the occurrence, distribution, source, and human health risk assessment of 15 NPAHs and 16 PAHs were investigated in the surface water from 20 sampling sites of Lake Taihu during the dry, normal, and flood seasons of 2018. The ΣPAH concentrations ranged from 255 to 7298 ng/L and the ΣNPAH concentrations ranged from not-detected (ND) to 212 ng/L. Among the target analytes, 2-nitrofluorene (2-nFlu) was the predominant NPAH, with a detection frequency ranging from 85% to 90% and a maximum concentration of 56.2 ng/L. The three-ringed and four-ringed NPAHs and PAHs comprised the majority of the detected compounds. In terms of seasonal variation, the highest levels of the ΣNPAHs and ΣPAHs were in the dry season and flood season, respectively. Diagnostic ratio analysis indicated that the prime source of NPAHs was direct combustion, whereas in the case of PAHs the contribution was predominantly from a mixed pattern including pollution from unburned petroleum and petroleum combustion. The human health risk of NPAHs and PAHs was evaluated using a lifetime carcinogenic risk assessment model. The carcinogenic risk level of the targets ranged from 2.09 × 10?7 to 5.75 × 10?5 and some surface water samples posed a potential health risk. 相似文献
998.
雨洪管理措施的应用可有效控制雨水径流量及其污染物,系统分析雨洪管理措施对径流及其污染物的影响有助于理解雨洪管理的水环境效应。本文基于Meta方法整理国内已发表的文献案例,通过提取雨洪管理措施的类型、应用尺度、降雨特征及径流量和污染物削减率等信息,综述了雨洪管理措施应用后径流量和污染物的变化。结果表明:(1)不同雨洪管理措施所产生的水环境效应存在差异,样本中屋顶绿化的径流削减能力最强,透水铺装的径流污染物削减效果最佳;(2)雨洪管理措施对水环境的影响具有尺度效应,大尺度区域内雨洪管理措施对径流量削减作用较弱,而小尺度区域内径流污染物削减作用较弱;(3)雨洪管理措施对径流量及其污染物的削减能力随降雨量增加呈下降趋势。结合案例数据,系统分析了雨洪管理措施在径流量及其污染物控制效果上的差异及成因,可为径流调控与污染治理等实践提供理论参考。 相似文献
999.
Micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites were obtained by the post-treatment of tetrahydroxy ammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) solution with different concentration. The hierarchical pore structure formed during the desilication process facilitates the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles and Pt/ZSM-5 catalysts exhibit rather high catalytic activity for the deep oxidation of various VOCs at low temperature. The catalyst treated with TPAOH of 0.1 mol/L (Pt/ZSM-5(0.1)) shows the lowest degradation temperature (T90%) of 128 and 142°C, respectively for benzene and n-hexane. Compared with the untreated Pt/ZSM-5 catalyst, the abundant mesopores, small Pt particle size and finely dispersed Pt contribute to the superior catalytic activity and stability of the Pt/ZSM-5 catalysts for VOCs removal. More importantly, the existence of H2O in the feed gases hardly affected the activity of Pt/ZSM-5(0.1) catalyst at the low reaction temperature of 128°C, which is very important for VOCs low-temperature removal in the future practical applications. 相似文献
1000.
以采用A2/O工艺的桐乡城市污水处理厂净化城市污水为研究对象,介绍了该污水处理厂工艺设计、进水水质特征和水质净化效果,分析了温度、有机物负荷、氮负荷、磷负荷、可生化性、碳氮比、碳磷比、污泥产率、重金属离子浓度等因素对该污水处理厂运行的影响。结果表明:该污水厂进水水温适宜,可生化性好,碳源充足,同步脱氮除磷效果好,使该污水处理厂出水水质稳定达GB 18918-2002《城镇污水厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准。分析发现,该A2/O工艺对水中不同的重金属离子、表面活性剂、石油类有去除效果。重金属离子在活性污泥中产生富集现象,应重视污泥的处置等问题。 相似文献