Capture of carbon dioxide by amine-impregnated as-synthesized MCM-41

The novel carbon dioxide(CO2) adsorbents with a high capture effciency were prepared through impregnating the as-synthesized MCM-41 with three kinds of amines,namely diethylenetriamine(DETA) ,triethylenetetramine(TETA) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP) .The resultant samples were characterized by small angle X-ray diffraction and low temperature N2 adsorption.The synthesis way not only saves the energy or extractor to remove the template but also is environmentally friendly due to the absence of the potential pollutants such as toluene.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column.The sample impregnated by TETA showed the highest adsorption capacity,approximately 2.22 mmol/g at 60°C due to its highest amino-groups content among the three amines.The CO2 adsorption behavior was also investigated with the deactivation model,which showed an excellent prediction for the breakthrough curves.     

Activated sludge-mediated biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate under fermentative conditions

The biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate(DMP)was investigated under fermentative conditions in this study.The nature of the intermediate compounds and the extent of mineralization were probed using high-pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)methods.The fermentative bacteria were able to biodegrade the DMP under anaerobic conditions,with the biodegradation rate of 0.36 mg DMP/(L·h).The results demonstrated that the DMP degradation under fermentative conditio...     

农业非点源污染研究综述

针对农业非点源污染的研究现状,综述了非点源污染的定义、特征、污染现状以及危害,并介绍了国内外学者在非点源污染研究的技术方法方面的进展,指出利用与RS、GIS的紧密结合来建立基础信息数据库,对非点源污染过程进行模拟是进行非点源污染研究必然的发展趋势,并简单介绍了两个在国内外应用较广泛的非点源污染模型AnnAGNPS和SWAT模型,最后讨论了利用模型模拟非点源污染过程的优势。     

石龙芮与酸模处理生活污水实验研究

运用无土栽培技术,通过石龙芮和酸模对生活污水的降解实验,对两种植物作为湿地植物处理生活污水的可行性进行了实验分析。实验表明两种植物对污水中的营养元素都具有较好的去除,N、P元素的最终去除率都能达到80％,石龙芮对COD的去除达到45％左右,而酸模对COD的去除可达50％。相对于单一植物系统来说,石龙芮一酸模复合植物系统可对生活污水中的P元素和COD的去除更高。研究表明石龙芮和酸模都可以作为人工湿地植物,用来处理生活污水,而两种植物都具有耐寒性,可以提高人工湿地在冬季的运行效率。     

Isolation of a Pseudomonas Stutzeri strain that degrades 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and characterization of its degradative plasmid

The genetic information encoding metabolic pathways for xenobiotic compounds in bacteria often resides on catabolic plasmids. The aim of the present work was to know the location of the genes for degrading 1,2,4-trichlorobenzen. In this paper a 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-degrading strain THSL-1 was isolated from the soil of Tianjin Chemical Plant using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri through morphologic survey and 16S rDNA sequence determination. A plasmid was discovered from strain THSL-1 by using the alkali lysis method. When the plasmid was transformed into E. coli. JM109 by the CaCl₂ method, the transformant could grow using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source and had the degradation function of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Therefore, it could be deemed that the plasmid carried the degradative genes of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The average size of the plasmid was finally determined to be 40.2 Kb using selectively three kinds of restricted inscribed enzymes (HindIII, BamHI, and XholI) for single cutting and double cutting the plasmid pTHSL-1, respectively. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2005, 25(4): 385–388 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

昆明市松华坝水源区人口与生态环境问题研究

松华坝水源区是昆明市重要的优质饮用水源地,是昆明市人民生活及工农业生产的主要水源。近几年来,随着水源区人口增加,水源区水质与生态环境状况不断恶化,人地矛盾日益突出。分析了目前松华坝水源区水质现状与存在的主要生态环境问题,浅析了水源区生态环境问题形成的主要原因,分析了松华坝水源区生态环境与人口发展的关系,预测了水源区人口的发展趋势与水源区污染物的排放趋势,提出了水源区生态保护的具体措施与相应的人口政策。     

农业生产的反环境属性及其控制对策

农业生产具有明显的反环境属性,尤其是现代“化石农业”的反环境特征更加明显。中国农业现代化进程伴随着日益严重的食品质量和农业环境安全问题,直接威胁中国农业及整个社会的可持续发展。作为农业大国,综合分析传统农业和现代化石农业时期农业生产的的发展进程,文章指出在农业生产中暴露出来的问题,农业生产和环境之间的矛盾日益突出。只有模仿生态系统的运行规律,科学组织农业生产活动,大力发展农业循环经济,才能有效克服农业生产的反环境属性,实现农业生产的生态化和农业的可持续发展。     

微电解＋Fenton试剂预处理染料废水工程实例研究

采用微电解＋Fenton试剂预处理是有效地解决染料废水不可生化性和色度的一种简单方便技术。通过工程实践证明,采用微电解＋Fenton预处理染料废水能够提高其可生化性,降低色度,联用传统的生化处理技术,处理后的染料废水能够实现达标排放,污染物COD的平均去除率达97%以上。该工艺处理系统运行2年,效果明显、稳定可靠。     

关于环境在线监测几点问题的探讨

相对于传统的环境监测方式,环境在线自动监控作为一种先进技术,在环境应急反应、提高办事效率及管理水平等方面具有突出优势,但在实际应用过程中面临着在企业的推广有难度、监管方式尚需完善以及监测方法不统一等方面的问题。本文针对这些问题从管理模式、运营机制、管理方式以及监测方法等四个方面提出了相应的解决方案,以求通过这些措施的应用,确保环境自动监测系统在未来的环境管理中发挥更加重要的作用。