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11.
探讨了内质网应激在亚慢性氟暴露致小鼠睾丸损伤中的作用及分子机制.选用健康初断乳ICR雄性小鼠30只,随机分为对照组(C)、低氟组(LF)和高氟组(HF),分别饮用自来水、5、30 mg·L-1氟化钠水溶液90 d.亚慢性氟暴露结束后,以睾丸脏器系数、睾丸组织氧化/抗氧化酶和形态结构、精子质量、睾丸细胞凋亡、葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶12(CASPASE-12)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(CASPASE-3)为观测点.结果表明,与对照组比,LF组和HF组LDH、SOD、T-AOC活性下降,MDA含量上升,HF组GSH-PX活性下降,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05或p<0.01);LF组可见细胞层次减少、间隙变大,成熟精子数量减少,HF组细胞溶解、层次紊乱,空泡化严重,少见成熟精子;LF组和HF组小鼠的精子活力降低,HF组小鼠精子数量下降,畸形率上升,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05或p<0.01);LF组和HF组睾丸细胞凋亡指数上升,差异有统计学意义(p<0.01);LF组和HF组Grp78、Caspase-12、Caspase-3基因表达水平上升,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05或p<0.01).结果提示,除氧化应激以外,Caspase-12和Caspase-3基因表达异常可能是氟暴露致小鼠睾丸细胞凋亡异常的分子机制之一. 相似文献
12.
黑河流域底栖动物群落结构及水质评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解黑河流域上中游底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子之间的关系,于2018年8月对研究区域17个采样点的底栖动物和水体理化指标进行调查研究.共鉴定出底栖动物43种,其中节肢动物34种(79.1%),软体动物7种(16.3%),环节动物2种(4.6%);就整个研究区域而言,优势种为大蚊(Tipulidae)、豆娘幼虫(Damselfly)、水蜘蛛(Argyroneta)、耳萝卜螺(Radix auricularia)、琥珀螺(Suecinea sp.)、白旋螺(Gyraulusalbus),干、支流优势种分布趋势为干流(6种)优于支流(5种);底栖动物平均密度和平均生物量分别为77ind/m2和3.7423g/m2现存量存在显著空间差异,整体上干流(1032ind/m2、60.0963g/m2)大于支流(276ind/m2、3.5233g/m2),物种数干流(36种)大于支流(15种);单因素方差分析显示,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数及Pielou均匀度指数分布特征为干流大于支流.黑河流域上游支流和中游干流不同河段底栖动物物种组成呈空间异质性,而多样性指数对物种组成依赖性强,但因黑河流域底栖动物物种组成受自然因素和人类活动双重影响程度差异较大,使得Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数及Pielou均匀度指数不适合黑河水质评价.依据BI指数和综合污染指数评价表明,黑河上游支流水质优于中游干流.根据底栖动物与环境因子之间的相关矩阵分析并结合RDA分析表明:BOD5、水温(WT)、电导率(EC)、DO、溶解性总固体(TDS)、CODMn及盐度是影响底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子. 相似文献
13.
为探究孕激素左炔诺孕酮(LNG)对鱼类脂质代谢的影响,将刚孵化的稀有鮈鲫仔鱼置于0.8和6.5ng/L LNG暴露6个月至性成熟,考察其生长指标、肝脏组织病理学变化、脂质和脂蛋白含量及脂质代谢相关基因的表达情况.结果显示:(1)0.8,6.5ng/L LNG暴露显著降低70dph稀有鮈鲫的体重和肥满度,且6.5ng/L LNG暴露显著降低180dph雌、雄鱼的体长或体重;(2)0.8,6.5ng/L LNG暴露导致180dph成鱼肝脏出现细胞空泡、肝细胞肿胀等损伤;(3)0.8,6.5ng/L LNG暴露显著降低180dph雌鱼肝脏中甘油三酯、胆固醇的含量,且6.5ng/L LNG暴露显著降低雌鱼血浆中甘油三酯的含量,但对雄鱼肝脏及血浆的脂质含量无显著影响;(4)0.8,6.5ng/L LNG暴露显著降低180dph雌鱼肝脏中脂肪酸合成酶基因(fasn) mRNA的表达水平,且6.5ng/L LNG暴露显著降低180dph雄鱼肝脏中fasn及乙酰辅酶A羧化酶基因(acaca) mRNA的表达水平.由此可见,LNG长期低剂量暴露可抑制稀有鮈鲫的生长、诱导肝细胞损伤、引起肝脏和血浆脂质含量发生性别差异性变化,并影响肝脏中脂质代谢相关基因的表达,表明LNG在低浓度下可干扰稀有鮈鲫的脂质代谢,提示LNG对鱼类种群具有较高的潜在生态风险. 相似文献
14.
1968年美国开始推行洪涝保险计划,不断完善对洪涝风险的研究,并逐步形成了一套相对完善的洪泛区管理体系,而洪涝风险分析在洪涝保险、城市规划、土地开发、应急管理等领域广泛应用。纽约市在经历了多次飓风侵害,尤其是2012年飓风桑迪(Sandy)之后,意识到城市绿地在极端暴雨事件时对雨洪调蓄的重要作用,经过持续的研究实践,提出了基于洪涝风险分析的城市绿地规划设计要求。基于总结美国纽约市在飓风桑迪影响下对洪涝风险图的调整,及其对城市绿地规划设计相关要求,提出其对我国洪涝风险管控及城市绿地规划设计的启示。 相似文献
15.
16.
Wastewater reclamation and reuse has been proved to be an effective way to relieve the fresh water crisis. However, toxic contaminants remaining in reclaimed water could lead to potential risk for reuse, and the conventional water quality standards have difficulty guaranteeing the safety of reclaimed water. Bioassays can vividly reflect the integrated biological effects of multiple toxic substances in water as a whole, and could be a powerful tool for evaluating the safety of reclaimed water. Therefore, in this study, the advantages and disadvantages of using bioassays for evaluating the safety of reclaimed water were compared with those of conventional water quality standards. Although bioassays have been widely used to describe the toxic effects of reclaimed water and treatment efficiency of reclamation techniques, a single bioassay cannot reflect the complex toxicity of reclaimed water, and a battery of bioassays involving multiple biological effects or in vitro tests with specific toxicity mechanisms would be recommended. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the safety of reclaimed water based on bioassay results, various methods including potential toxicology, the toxicity unit classification system, and a potential eco-toxic effects probe are summarized as well. Especially, some integrated ranking methods based on a bioassay battery involving multiple toxicity effects are recommended as useful tools for evaluating the safety of reclaimed water, which will benefit the promotion and guarantee the rapid development of the reclamation and reuse of wastewater. 相似文献
17.
This study profiled the bacterial community variations of water from four water treatment systems, including coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, ozonation-biological activated carbon filtration (O3-BAC), disinfection, and the tap water after the distribution process in eastern China. The results showed that different water treatment processes affected the bacterial community structure in different ways. The traditional treatment processes, including coagulation, sedimentation and sand filtration, reduced the total bacterial count, while they had little effect on the bacterial community structure in the treated water (before disinfection). Compared to the traditional treatment process, O3-BAC reduced the relative abundance of Sphingomonas in the finished water. In addition, ozonation may play a role in reducing the relative abundance of Mycobacterium. NaClO and ClO2 had different effects on the bacterial community in the finished water. The relative abundance of some bacteria (e.g. Flavobacterium, Phreatobacter and Porphyrobacter) increased in the finished water after ClO2 disinfection. The relative abundance of Mycobacterium and Legionella, which have been widely reported as waterborne opportunistic pathogens, increased after NaClO disinfection. In addition, some microorganisms proliferated and grew in the distribution system, which could lead to turbidity increases in the tap water. Compared to those in the finished water, the relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Hyphomicrobium, Phreatobacter, Rheinheimera, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter increased in the tap water disinfected with NaClO, while the relative abundance of Mycobacterium increased in the tap water disinfected with ClO2. Overall, this study provided the detailed variation in the bacterial community in the drinking water system. 相似文献
18.
Ling Liu Qiuhua Zhou Xuezhi Yang Gang Li Jingzhu Zhang Xuehua Zhou Wei Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(5):105-116
Inhaled atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) includes soluble and insoluble fractions,and each fraction can interact with cells and cause adverse effects.PM_(2.5) samples were collected in Jinan,China,and the soluble and insoluble fractions were separated.According to physiochemical characterization,the soluble fraction mainly contains watersoluble ions and organic acids,and the insoluble fraction mainly contains kaolinite,calcium carbonate and some organic carbon.The interaction between PM_(2.5) and model cell membranes was examined with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D) to quantify PM_(2.5) attachment on membranes and membrane disruption.The cytotoxicity of the total PM_(2.5) and the soluble and insoluble fractions,was investigated.Negatively charged PM_(2.5) can adhere to the positively charged membranes and disrupt them.PM_(2.5)also adheres to negatively charged membranes but does not cause membrane rupture.Therefore,electrostatic repulsion does not prevent PM_(2.5) attachment,but electrostatic attraction induces remarkable membrane rupture.The human lung epithelial cell line A549 was used for cytotoxicity assessment.The detected membrane leakage,cellular swelling and blebbing indicated a cell necrosis process.Moreover,the insoluble PM_(2.5) fraction caused a higher cell mortality and more serious cell membrane damage than the soluble fraction.The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) enhanced by the two fractions were not significantly different.The findings provide more information to better understand the mechanism of PM_(2.5) cytotoxicity and the effect of PM_(2.5) solubility on cytotoxicity. 相似文献
19.
Xue Han Xin Ji Xuan M Jun-Ling Liu Zhen-Yu He Wei Chang Fei Tang Ai-Lin Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):310-318
Changes in water quality from source water to finished water and tap water at two conventional drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) were monitored.Beside the routine water quality testing,Caenorhabditis elegans-based toxicity assays and the fluorescence excitation–emission matrices technique were also applied.Both DWTPs supplied drinking water that met government standards.Under current test conditions,both the investigated finished water and tap water samples exhibited stronger lethal,genotoxic and reprotoxic potential than the relative source water sample,and the tap water sample was more lethal but tended to be less genotoxic than the corresponding finished water sample.Meanwhile,the nearly complete removal of tryptophan-like substances and newly generated tyrosine-like substances were observed after the treatment of drinking water,and humic-like substances were identified in the tap water.Based on these findings,toxic pollutants,including genotoxic/reproductive toxicants,are produced in the drinking water treatment and/or distribution processes.Moreover,further studies are needed to clarify the potentially important roles of tyrosine-like and humic-like substances in mediating drinking water toxicity and to identify the potential sources of these contaminants.Additionally,tryptophan-like fluorescence may be adopted as a useful parameter to monitor the treatment performance of DWTPs.Our observations provided insights into the importance of utilizing biotoxicity assays and fluorescence spectroscopy as tools to complement the routine evaluation of drinking water. 相似文献
20.
Qingtao Sheng Run-Ping Ye Weibo Gong Xiufeng Shi Bang Xu Morris Argyle Hertanto Adidharm Maohong Fan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(6):106-117
Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether(DME) by CO_2 hydrogenation has been investigated over three hybrid catalysts prepared by different methods:co-precipitation,sol-gel,and solid grinding to produce mixed Cu,ZnO,ZrO_2 catalysts that were physically mixed with a commercial ferrierite(FER) zeolite.The catalysts were characterized by N_2 physisorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),temperature programmed desorption of CO_2(CO_2-TPD),temperature programmed desorption of NH_3(NH_3-TPD),and temperature programmed H2 reduction(H_2-TPR).The results demonstrate that smaller CuO and Cu crystallite sizes resulting in better dispersion of the active phases,higher surface area,and lower reduction temperature are all favorable for catalytic activity.The reaction mechanism has been studied using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS).Methanol appears to be formed via the bidentate-formate(b-HCOO) species undergoing stepwise hydrogenation,while DME formation occurs from methanol dehydration and reaction of two surface methoxy groups. 相似文献