安全生产法制化的里程碑--论《安全生产法》的立法必要性及其意义

全面深入地宣传贯彻《安全生产法》是今后一个时期的重要工作。石少华同志是《安全生产法》起草工作小组副组长参与了该法的主要起草工作。应本社之邀,从本期开始他将就《安全生产法》的立法宗旨、法律地位、基本方针、基本原则、基本法律制度、生产经营单位主要负责人的安全责任、安全生产责任制、安全投入、工伤保险、安全中介服务、事故应急救援、监督管理、法律责任等问题陆续撰文,以飨读者。     

Quantification of nitrogen in the liquid fraction and in vitro assessment of lysine bioavailability in the solid fraction of soybean meal hydrolysates

Soybean meal (SBM) is a product generated from the manufacture of soybean oil and has the potential for use as a source of fermentable sugars for ethanol production or as a protein source for animal feeds. Knowing the levels of nitrogen available from ammonium is a necessary element of the ethanolic fermentation process while identifying the levels of essential amino acids such as lysine is important in determining usage as a feed source. As such the purpose of this study was to quantify total nitrogen and ammonium in the liquid fraction of hydrolyzed SBM and to evaluate total and bioavailable lysine in the solid fraction of the hydrolyzed SBM. The effects of acid concentration, cellulase and β-glucosidase on total and ammonium nitrogen were studied with analysis indicating that higher acid concentrations increased nitrogen compounds with ammonium concentrations ranging from 0.20 to 1.24 g L^?1 while enzymatic treatments did not significantly increase nitrogen levels. Total and bioavailable lysine was quantified by use of an auxotrophic gfpmut3 E.coli whole-cell bioassay organism incapable of lysine biosynthesis. Acid and enzymatic treatments were applied with lysine bioavailability increasing from a base of 82% for untreated SBM to up to 97%. Our results demonstrated that SBM has the potential to serve in ethanolic fermentation and as an optimal source essential amino acid lysine.     

表面活性剂对叶面滞尘作用的影响

表面活性剂能够增强植物叶面滞尘能力,研究不同表面活性剂对植物滞尘能力的影响,对于利用植物防治粉尘污染有重要意义。以LAS、DTAB、AR和APG200为喷洒试剂,研究了8种植物吸附表面活性剂后滞留粉尘的重量、组分。结果表明,LAS浓度、植物种类、表面活性剂类型对滞尘量和面积比具有显著影响(P<0.05);表面活性剂能够有效提高植物滞尘能力,LAS、DTAB效果优于生物型AR、APG200,且测试叶面滞尘量的变化与叶面接触角无明显关系;LAS使除朴树外所有植物的滞尘能力增加的浓度为0.2 g/L,而对滞留粉尘组分改变较大的浓度为0.5 g/L;此外,表面活性剂能改变滞留粉尘的组分,但不具有明显的规律性,粉尘的遮光比变化趋势与叶面滞尘量基本相似。     

常温还原铁氧体法处理含铬废水

实验探究了常温还原铁氧体法处理含铬废水的最优工艺条件,研究了不同亚铁盐及氨氮和COD对处理效果的影响,对沉淀进行了化学分析与材料表征。实验表明,在n(Fe2+):n(Cr6+)=6,共沉淀pH=10.0,还原时间为2 min,共沉淀时间为15 min条件下,处理含铬废水可达最好效果,总铬浓度从1 600 mg/L降至1.5 mg/L以下,符合国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)的要求,实现了常温条件下铁氧体法对含铬废水的处理。对于不同亚铁盐,氯化亚铁处理废水的性能要强于硫酸亚铁,沉降速率快且沉淀致密。一般浓度的氨氮(50 mg/L)与COD(500 mg/L)对处理效果没有明显影响。对沉淀进行酸稳定性分析和XRD表征,确定生成了稳定的含铬复合铁氧体。     

改性钙基蒙脱石酸性条件下吸附油酸钠

为脱除选矿废水中油酸根,研究了钙基蒙脱石和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性钙基蒙脱石在pH2+、Al3+反应的标准自由能变化ΔG0与pH的关系。结果表明,pH2+、Al3+与油酸根化学吸附的标准自由能变化ΔG0具有较大负值,化学吸附具有自发趋势。     

多孔水力空化装置降解甲基橙

研制了多孔水力空化装置,并将其应用于降解甲基橙溶液,通过测定甲基橙的降解率,考察了孔径、小孔排布方式、液体温度、运行时间对空化效果的影响,分析了平均降解速率与运行时间的关系。研究表明:孔径越小,小孔分布越均匀,空化效果越好,甲基橙的降解率越高;随着时间的延长,甲基橙的降解率不断提高,平均降解速率先增大再减小;当水温在40℃时,空化效果最好,甲基橙的降解率达到17.2%。综上所述,可以通过控制操作条件和优化孔板设计提高空化效果。     

The regulatory role of endogenous iron on greenhouse gas emissions under intensive nitrogen fertilization in subtropical soils of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Anaerobic batch experiments were conducted to study the regulatory role of endogenous iron in greenhouse gas emissions under intensive nitrogen...     

Positive matrix factorization as source apportionment of soil lead and cadmium around a battery plant (Changxing County,China)

Chemical compositions of soil samples are multivariate in nature and provide datasets suitable for the application of multivariate factor analytical techniques. One of the analytical techniques, the positive matrix factorization (PMF), uses a weighted least square by fitting the data matrix to determine the weights of the sources based on the error estimates of each data point. In this research, PMF was employed to apportion the sources of heavy metals in 104 soil samples taken within a 1-km radius of a lead battery plant contaminated site in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, China. The site is heavily contaminated with high concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). PMF successfully partitioned the variances into sources related to soil background, agronomic practices, and the lead battery plants combined with a geostatistical approach. It was estimated that the lead battery plants and the agronomic practices contributed 55.37 and 29.28 %, respectively, for soil Pb of the total source. Soil Cd mainly came from the lead battery plants (65.92 %), followed by the agronomic practices (21.65 %), and soil parent materials (12.43 %). This research indicates that PMF combined with geostatistics is a useful tool for source identification and apportionment.     

双侧海潮作用下海岛含水层系统中地下水位波动研究

考察了海岛地区的一个横断面,在双侧海潮及弱透水层引起的越流共同作用下,含水层系统中的地下水位波动;建立了数学模型,并得到了该模型的解析解;定义了含水层长度的阈值,对含水层长度及越流等因素对地下水位波动的影响进行了讨论.     

环境化学进展动态

本文概述了近年来环境化学包括环境分析化学、环境污染化学、环境污染控制化学、生态化学等方面研究的一些新进展