Studies on catalytic reduction of nitrate in groundwater

Catalytic reduction of nitrate in groundwater by sodium formate over the catalyst was investigated. Pd-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared by impregnation and characterized by brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), inductive coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). It was found that total nitrogen was effectively removed from the nitrate solution (100 mg/L) and the removal efficiency was 87%. The catalytic activity was affected by pH, catalyst amount used, concentration of sodium formate, and initial concentration of nitrate. As sodium formate was used as reductant, precise control in the initial pH was needed. Excessively high or low initial pH (7.0 or 3.0) reduced catalytic activity. At initial pH of 4.5, catalytic activity was enhanced by reducing the amount of catalyst, while concentrations of sodium formate increased with a considerable decrease in N₂ selectivity. In which case, catalytic reduction followed the first order kinetics. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(4): 567–571 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

不除氧单扫描示波极谱法测定茶叶中钙

研究了在不除氧条件下，用单扫描示波极谱法测定茶叶中钙，在０．０２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＫＯＨ体系中，钙－桑色素络合物于－０．７８Ｖ产生一灵敏的极谱峰，峰电流与钙浓度在０．１￣０．８μｇ／ｍＬ之间有良好的线性关系。方法灵敏、准确、简便、选择性好。     

怀4井气汞固体潮观测中的两个关键环节

本文在数字化地下流体化学组分的观测中,认为热水井的脱气和脱气后的气体干燥是两个关键环节。我们在怀4井的气汞观测中,经过多次试验改进较好地解决了这两个环节。2004年以来,观测资料稳定,并清晰地记录到了固体潮形态。     

Urban garbage disposal and management in China

This paper, probing into the present situation of urban domestic garbage by analyzing its growing trend, compositional change and regional difference, reveals the problems existing in its disposul and management in China. Meanwhile, a questionnaire was conducted in five big cities around China for surveying urban residents‘ attitudes towards garbage disposal and management policies and measures. Results showed the outlmt of urban domestic garbage in Chinese cities is ever increasing, and the recoverable materials and energy in garbage composition are also increasing. The population growth, economic development, and increase of residents‘ expenditure level are the main factors influencing the growing output and changing composition of the garbage. Information acquired from the questionnaire showed that majority of the urban residentsare in favor d the garbage reduction policies and managerial measures and are willing to collaborate with municipal government in battling against gadbage. Based on the analysis and questionnaire, some policymaking-oriented suggestions such as operating the garbage disposal from a social welfare service to a sector of profit-gaining enterprises, transferring the garbage management from passive end control to active source control,promoting the classified garbage collection in cities around China, and charging garbage fees for its cleanup and disposal, have also been put forward in the paper.     

收缩情境下城市土地利用及其生态系统服务的研究进展

随着国际国内社会经济环境的变化,城市收缩这一新现象逐渐在我国部分城市区域空间中呈现,成为未来新型城镇化转型的挑战之一。在简要梳理城市收缩相关文献的基础上,以土地利用为主线,重点关注收缩情景下的土地利用模拟及其政策、空置土地与城市生态系统服务等方面的相关研究。研究结果表明：（1）当前对城市收缩问题的研究主要集中于人口变动和经济发展维度,对由此引发的土地利用以及生态系统变化关注较少。（2）土地利用模拟在分析和预测收缩情境下的城市土地利用变化上具有较大价值,但不同模型适用于不同研究情景,复合模型将具有更好的解释力。（3）土地利用政策的制定和实施应充分考虑经济社会各方面诉求,绿色空间存储制度是促进收缩城市可持续发展的有力措施。（4）城市收缩产生的空置土地为发展生态系统服务提供了空间,应发展适用于我国城市收缩的生态系统服务评估方法。在我国城镇化进入“存量模式”甚至“减量模式”的背景下,应加大对城市收缩情景下土地利用和生态系统维度的研究,要积极借鉴并整合资源科学、地理学、生态学、管理科学和城市规划等相关学科的研究方法,并紧密结合我国当前城市发展和空间规划所面临的现实问题,促进城市收缩研究的方法创新和收缩城市的可持续发展。     

黄河水中脯氨酸对Pb(Ⅱ)与表层沉积物相互作用的影响

研究了黄河干流内蒙古清水河段黄河水中表层沉积物与铅（Ⅱ）相互作用以及脯氨酸对其的影响，得出了离子交换率E％－pH关系曲线，该曲线的突跃范围及最大离子交换率E％。结果表明：在我们研究的范围内，脯氨酸深度增加，离子交换率E％增大，并且在pH为0－10的范围内，随着pH值增大，离子交换率E％增大；交换剂为转化沙时的离子交换率E％比未转化沙大。     

大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的监测

本文报导了大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的一种测定方法和结果。颗粒物预处理方法是:超声萃取,抽滤,减压蒸发浓缩,硅胶柱净化,再浓缩,定容溶解。用高效液相色谱法分离和鉴定。对西南石油学院5个功能区冬季大气颗粒物中的苯并(a)芘等9种多环芳烃的分布状况进行了实测,苯并(a)芘平均含量为26ng/m~3,为国外一些大城市冬季值的三倍,为国内一些大城市冬季污染值的二分之一。     

氯代芳烃催化氢转移脱氯的研究

本文以甲酸钠为氢源,对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮锚定的ＰｄＣｌ２催化氯代芳烃脱氯进行了研究,考察了反应条件对反应的影响,研究了脱氯的选择性。结果表明;该方法具有卓越的脱氯选择性,催化剂用量少,反应条件温和,操作简便。本文并对其脱氯反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

北亚热带过渡区土壤的模糊聚类分析

本文阐述了北亚热带过渡区十个土壤剖面的成土条件和基本性质，应用模糊聚类对土壤的五项诊断指标进行了分析，并与发生分类和诊断分类相比较．在中国土壤系统分类中提出建立淋溶土纲和始成土纲的基础上，探讨了供试土壤的分类地位。其中０１－０４号剖面属于典型铁质湿润淋溶上亚类；０５—０７和０９号剖面归为铁质粘磐半干润淋溶土亚类；０８号剖面为典型半干润淡色始成上亚类，１０号剖面为典型淡色滞水淋溶士亚类。     

Dynamics of PCDDs/DFs and coplanar-PCBs in an aquatic food chain of Tokyo Bay

Concentrations and accumulation profiles of PCDDs/DFs and coplanar-PCBs (co-PCBs) in aquatic biota (e.g., plankton, shellfish, benthic invertebrate, and fish) and sediment from Tokyo Bay were examined to elucidate the relationship between bioaccumulation and trophic level in the food web as determined by the stable nitrogen isotope analysis. Bioaccumulation patterns of PCDDs/DFs and co-PCBs varied greatly among congeners. Accumulation patterns of PCDDs/DFs and co-PCBs are not solely explained by their physicochemical properties. Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for co-PCBs in biota from Tokyo Bay were significantly greater than those of PCDDs/DFs. Furthermore, the slopes of the plots of delta15N and BSAF values and water solubility of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs/DFs and co-PCBs were highly correlated. The results of our study would provide the valuable information to understand the accumulation properties of PCDDs/DFs and co-PCBs that can be used as a scientific basis to determine the sediment quality criteria of PCDDs/DFs and co-PCBs.