大连湾口陡坡处的潮流和混合特征

对大连湾湾口断面处3个站的海流和温度盐度剖面进行了周日同步观测,在此基础上,计算并讨论了大连湾口断面处的潮流和混合的分布特征。结果表明,大连湾湾口的潮流类型为非正规半日潮流,M2分潮流为其优势分潮流;大连湾口陡坡处的平均混合率较强,约为10-3m2/s,混合率的最大值约为10-2m2/s,是大洋混合率背景场的1 000倍,主要发生在上层和底层。潮流与地形的相互作用为混合提供了能量来源。     

基于总磷的长湖水环境容量核算

在对长湖流域水资源状况、水质现状、水文条件调查的基础上,根据水质目标的要求,利用纳污水体的概率型水环境容量模型,对基于总磷的长湖水环境容量进行了核算。结果表明：长湖的水环境容量是动态变化的,而模型的选取和参数的取值对概率型水环境容量的计算非常关键。通过计算分析得到长湖磷的概率水环境容量为：19％丰水期：41．9t／a-45．9t／a;49％平水期：31．8t／a～41．9Va;32％枯水期：11．8t／a～31．8t／a。     

Evaluation of the relationship between two different methods for enumeration fecal indicator bacteria： Colony-forming unit and most probable number

Most probable number (MPN) and colony-forming unit (CFU) estimates of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentration are common measures of water quality in aquatic environments. Thus, FIB intensively monitored in Yeongsan Watershed in an attempt to compare two di erent methods and to develop a statistical model to convert from CFU to MPN estimates or vice versa. As a result, the significant di erence was found in the MPN and CFU estimates. The enumerated Escherichia coli concentrations in MPN are greater than those in CFU, except for the measurement in winter. Especially in fall, E. coli concentrations in MPN are one order of magnitude greater than that in CFU. Contrarily, enterococci bacteria in MPN are lower than those in CFU. However, in general, a strongly positive relationship are found between MPN and CFU estimates. Therefore, the statistical models were developed, and showed the reasonable converting FIB concentrations from CFU estimates to MPN estimates. We expect this study will provide preliminary information towards future research on whether di erent analysis methods may result in di erent water quality standard violation frequencies for the same water sample.     

Carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere and precipitation of the Nam Co region, central Tibet

A continuous air and precipitation sampling for carbonaceous particles was conducted in a field observatory beside Nam Co, Central Tibetan Plateau during July of 2006 through January of 2007. Organic carbon (OC) was the dominant composition of the carbonaceous particles both in the atmosphere (1660 ng/m³) and precipitation (476 ng/g) in this area, while the average elemental carbon (BC) concentrations in the atmosphere and precipitation were only 82 ng/m³ and 8 ng/g, respectively. Very high OC/BC ratio suggested local secondary organic carbon could be a dominant contribution to OC over the Nam Co region, while BC could be mainly originated from Southern Asia, as indicated by trajectory analysis and aerosol optical depth. Comparison between the BC concentrations measured in Lhasa, those at “Nepal Climate Observatory at Pyramid (NCO-P)” site on the southern slope of the Himalayas, and Nam Co suggested BC in the Nam Co region reflected a background with weak anthropogenic disturbances and the emissions from Lhasa might have little impact on the atmospheric environment here, while the pollutants from the Indo-Gangetic Basin of Southern Asia could be transported to the Nam Co region by both the summer monsoon and the westerly.     

土壤优先流的理论研究和试验分析

在活动流场模型的基础上建立了新的溶质运移控制方程,研究了流场分形特征参数的计算方法;采用4组染色示踪试验资料,分析了活动流场模型模拟土壤水流运动和溶质运移宏观非均匀特征的适用性.模拟分析表明,活动流场模型能较准确地捕捉到土壤中的优先流特别是不稳定流的宏观运动特征;土壤存在大孔隙结构的情况下,水流和溶质将更快的迁移到深层土壤,活动流场模型模拟计算的入渗深度偏小,但大于连续性模型的模拟计算结果;当土壤中的大孔隙结构较少时,活动流场模型模拟预测的土壤含水率分布和溶质浓度分布与实测结果比较一致.     

强制电流阴极保护阳极地床杂散电流干扰特性研究*

为研究杂散电流干扰影响范围及严重程度,通过现场测试典型深井和浅埋阳极地床地表电位梯度,探讨地表电位梯度分布规律,分析阳极地床杂散电流干扰特性。结果表明:深井阳极地床地表电位梯度沿阳极井中心辐射线方向先增大后减小,浅埋阳极地床地表电位梯度沿垂直于阳极体方向呈递减趋势;浅埋阳极地床地表电位梯度峰值和衰减速率均大于深井阳极,但强干扰平均影响半径仅为深井阳极的1/2;从强干扰影响半径看,应优先选用浅埋阳极地床;可通过适当增加井深、对干扰区内金属构筑物排流等方式,缓解深井阳极地床杂散电流干扰影响。研究结果可为强制电流阴极保护阳极地床选型和选址提供理论指导。     

Carbon dioxide utilization with carbonation using industrial waste-desulfurization gypsum and waste concrete

In this study, we propose a process making calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate and recovering absorbent using ammonia absorbent, carbon dioxide, and industrial waste. The main objective of this study is to confirm the possibility of carbon capture and utilization based on waste materials. We assumed desulfurization gypsum and construction waste (ready mixed concrete washing water, waste concrete, etc.) are CaSO₄, Ca(OH)₂, respectively. And concentration of simulated carbon dioxide gas was 15 vol% similar to flue gas. Calcium carbonate was produced by combination reaction between ionic CO₂ in absorbent and metal ion in the solid waste. Experiments were conducted at normal temperature and pressure. Furthermore, the generated products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope.     

Potential methane yield of food waste/food waste leachate from the biogasification facilities in South Korea

This study was to find out potential of methane yield on food waste and food waste leachate as biomass in Korea. The seven biogasification facilities were selected for comparison of theoretical methane yield and actual methane yield. The theoretical methane yield was calculated based on organic constituents (carbohydrate, protein, fat) and based on element analysis. The actual methane yield was investigated based on volatile solids and CODcr. Theoretical methane yields by organic constituents were 0.52 Sm³CH₄/kg VS and 0.35 Sm³CH₄/kg CODcr and these by element analysis were 0.53 Sm³CH₄/kg VS and 0.36 Sm³CH₄/kg CODcr. Actual methane yields were 0.36 Sm³CH₄/kg VS_in and 0.26 Sm³CH₄/kg CODcr_in. Considering the average removal efficiency of organic materials of seven FWL biogasification facilities, actual methane yields were 0.48 Sm³CH₄/kg VS_rem and 0.33 Sm³CH₄/kg CODcr_rem. Methane yield by organic constituents is very similar to that by element analysis and actual methane yields of volatile solids and CODcr were similar to theoretical value. The actual methane yield in this study showed approximated boundary values with previous other references which conducted in lab-scale or biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests. In conclusion, Korean food waste and food waste leachate have sufficient potential of methane yield in the ongoing biogasification facilities.     

输电线路山火跳闸机理的模拟实验研究

山火发生时植被燃烧产生的高温火焰及烟羽流使架空输电线路的空气绝缘性能大幅降低,可能引发导线之间或导线对地面间的击穿放电现象,导致输电线路发生跳闸事故。选取正庚烷与木垛为代表性火源,模拟研究直流高压电在火焰中的击穿放电现象,测量了火焰温度和电阻参数,获得了不同火源条件下放电间隙的击穿电压,分析了火焰参数对间隙击穿场强的影响。实验结果表明,正庚烷和木垛火焰放电实验中,火焰高温和电导率是导致击穿场强下降的主要因素。此外,烟颗粒也会导致击穿场强下降。     

西部工业化与生态文明发展模式的实证及相关性分析

自从国家实施西部大开发战略以来,西部地区就不断探索工业化的发展道路,在工业化的有力带动下,西部的经济发展很快。但西部地区工业化现存发展模式严重依赖能源、资源,由于对生态资源毫无节制地开发和利用,环境污染和生态破坏严重。本文通过采用典型相关分析的方法对西部工业化与生态文明建设发展模式的相关性进行分析,探寻保障我国西部能源供应、实现经济可持续发展的重要战略,试图探索实现我国西部节能规划目标的节能服务产业。用博弈论的方法分析节能服务企业的机会主义行为对节能服务产业发展的不利影响,探寻节能服务模式在我国西部发展受阻的原因,并提出了促进节能服务产业发展的对策建议。实现西部工业化和生态文明协调发展,促进西部地区经济的和谐发展。