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排序方式: 共有237条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
121.
Kazuhiro Tanaka 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2001,88(10):431-433
The influence of prey animals on the supercooling ability of the house spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum, was studied by feeding spiders with field-collected and laboratory-cultured prey animals. Irrespective of the prey species supplied, spiders given field-collected prey had a higher supercooling point than those given laboratory-cultured counterparts. This means that (1) the field prey animals contained some efficient ice nucleators, whereas the laboratory animals were free from such substances and (2) the ice nucleators must be of external origin. Several lines of evidence also suggest that, under natural conditions, potential prey animals for the house spider are highly contaminated with ice nucleators. 相似文献
122.
Perfluorinated organic compounds in human blood serum and seminal plasma: a study of urban and rural tea worker populations in Sri Lanka 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Guruge KS Taniyasu S Yamashita N Wijeratna S Mohotti KM Seneviratne HR Kannan K Yamanaka N Miyazaki S 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(4):371-377
Concentrations and accumulation of 13 fluorinated organic compounds (FOCs) in human sera and seminal plasma were measured in an Asian developing country, Sri Lanka. Six of the FOCs, PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonate), PFHS (perfluorohexanesulfonate), PFUnA (perfluoroundecanoic acid), PFDA (perfluorodecanoic acid), PFNA (perfluorononanoic acid) and PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid), were detected in all of the sera samples. Measurable quantities of two main perfluorosulfonates, PFOS and PFHS, were found in all seminal plasma samples. The detection frequency of the predominant perfluoroalkylcarboxylate, PFOA, in seminal plasma was >70%. Accumulation of PFOS in sera was significantly positively correlated with PFOA, PFHS and PFNA. Positive linear regressions were also found between PFNA and PFUnA and PFNA and PFDA suggesting that these compounds may have a similar origin of exposure and accumulation. Significantly positive associations were observed for partitioning of both PFOS and PFNA between sera and seminal plasma. The accumulation of FOCs was not significantly different in sera from Colombo (urban population) and Talawakele (rural conventional tea workers). However, the Haldummulla population (rural organic tea workers) had relatively lower exposure to FOCs compared to the other two groups, urban and rural conventional tea workers. Concentrations of FOCs in Sri Lanka were similar to those reported for industrialized countries suggesting that human exposure to such chemicals is widespread even in developing countries. The novel finding of FOCs in human seminal plasma implies that further studies are needed to determine whether long-term exposure in humans can result in reproductive impairments. 相似文献
123.
Okamoto Taka-aki Tanaka Kenta Matsumoto Kazumasa Someya Tomohiro 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2021,21(3):693-711
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Transport of driftwood during heavy rainfall events can intensify the flood hazard. Driftwood accumulates at a bridge and backwater rises. Accumulated logs sink... 相似文献
124.
Masaaki Fuse Hiroyuki Kosaka Shigeru Kashima 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(4):348-357
In order to provide the basic information for building an international automobile recycling system, this article attempts to estimate the multilateral trade for used automobiles. First, the problems in evaluation of the used automobile trade were clarified through the trade data obtained from the United Nations database (UN-DB) and the Global Trade Information Services database (GTI-DB). Furthermore, we developed an estimation method for the used automobile trade using the highlighted advantages of the UN-DB and GTI-DB. The reasons for employing this estimation method were to correct the systematic errors in both databases and to sample used automobile data from the UN-DB by using the new and used automobile information in the GTI-DB. The world trade volume for used passenger cars in 2005 was estimated by the method developed. These results indicated that total trade volume was 5.65 × 106 vehicles, and that the exports from Germany, the United States, and Japan comprise 22%, 21%, and 20% of the global total, respectively. Moreover, the results indicate that these countries export used passenger cars not only to developing countries (54%), but also to developed countries (46%). 相似文献
125.
Chemical stabilization of heavy metals in medical waste fly ash has been carried out using the following compounds: a chelating agent (Ashnite S803), a commercial acidic phosphoric acid solution (Ashnite R303) as well as basic one (Ashnite R201). In order to predict the leachability of heavy metals, Japanese Leaching Test (JLT-13) procedure was applied to the stabilized fly ash products. An ecotoxicity assessment of the stabilized fly ash products leachate and the unstabilized fly ash leachate was conducted using a battery of bioassays based on lettuce root elongation inhibition, Daphnia magna mortality and Vibrio fischeri photoinhibition. The results showed that the three stabilizing agents were able to significantly decrease (ANOVA, P < 0.05) the concentration of heavy metals in the leachates. Although the leachate from both stabilized and unstabilized fly ash were very toxic to lettuce and daphnids, the incorporation of these stabilizing agents diminished significantly (ANOVA, P < 0.05) the toxicity of the leachates towards the three tested organisms. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the strength of the relationship between chemical elements concentration in the leachate and bioassays results. Most of the heavy metals in the leachate were significantly correlated (ANOVA, P < 0.05) with the toxicity values of the bioassays. However, the correlation was not found between the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the toxicity effect of the leachate to the tested organisms. 相似文献
126.
Sang-Yul Kim Nobutoshi Tanaka Toshihiko Matsuto Yasumasa Tojo 《Waste management & research》2005,23(3):220-229
Two new pre-treatment methods (water-washing/carbonation and carbonation/phosphate stabilization) of municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator residues were evaluated by column leaching tests under aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions (which were changed to aerobic conditions after 10 months). A mixture of bottom ash and fly ash (5:1 ratio) was pre-treated using each method. Shredded incombustible residues (SIR) were added to each ash preparation in proportions similar to the ratios present in landfills. For comparison, landfill wastes typical of Japan, namely, a mixture of bottom ash, chelating-pre-treated fly ash, and SIR, were also examined. Leachate samples were collected periodically and analysed over a 15-month period. When compared with chelating pretreatment, both water-washing/carbonation and carbonation/ phosphate stabilization reduced the leaching of Pb, Al, and Cu by about one to two orders of magnitude. Moreover, the initial concentrations of Ca and Pb in leachates from column of water-washing/carbonation were 56-57% and 84-96% less than those from the column of carbonation/phosphate stabilization. Therefore, water-washing/carbonation was considered to be a promising approach to obtain early waste stabilization and to reduce the release of heavy metals to near-negligible levels. The leaching behaviour of elements was also discussed. 相似文献
127.
The wide variety of activities at healthcare facilities generates different types of waste. There is always a danger of spreading infection due to mishandling of infectious waste or sharps. Hence, a variety of policies and actions have been taken to improve healthcare waste management systems. A large body of literature is available which suggests methods for tackling different problematic situations but management is confronted with a variety of complex problems, such as the choice of technological options to control infection, legal and budget restrictions and the timely removal of waste, which can, at times, conflict with each other. Hence, a planning model is presented that is based on a trans-shipment goal programming approach wherein the waste flow is optimized for multiple objectives under different priority structures or with different relative importance (weights). The use of the model is demonstrated as a decision-making tool that would help the management to understand the effects of their policies on the system performance. The model is validated for a case application representing a real-life situation. It can be easily seen that, in the case in which the management is biased toward a higher level of safety protection towards infection control, they have to compromise on cost control and to some extent on environmental pollution control. 相似文献
128.
北京市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染特征 总被引:25,自引:9,他引:16
对北京市2003-09~2004-07的10个月空气中的TSP样品进行了连续采样,周期为1次/周.分析了15种3~7环的PAHs,其中以4~5环为主.∑PAHs浓度及BaP的最大值分别达到705 ng/m3和52 ng/m3;春夏秋冬4季∑PAHs的平均浓度分别为46 ng/m3,16 ng/m3,52 ng/m3,268 ng/m3;BaP的4季平均浓度分别为2.8ng/m3,0.23 ng/m3,3.3 ng/m3,16ng/m3;采暖期∑PAHs平均浓度为非采暖期的9.5倍.在所分析的3种气象条件中,降水能够明显降低PAHs的浓度;非采暖期的PAHs浓度随温度的升高而降低,采暖期的浓度与温度没有明显的相关性;采暖期风速水平的增加会导致PAHs浓度的下降,而非采暖期不同环数的PAHs和风速水平的关系各异,3环的PAHs浓度随风速水平增加而增加,4、5环的PAHs浓度变化不大,6、7环PAHs随风速水平的增加而浓度下降. 相似文献
129.
Shigeru Matsumoto 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(3):325-334
Recent studies have predicted that the costs and benefits of curbside recycling programs will vary considerably across municipalities. In this paper, we examine how the characteristics of municipalities are reflected in curbside recycling policies. Our analysis of Japanese municipal data reveals that municipalities implement recycling programs that fit the demographic profiles of their residents. Municipalities with a considerable number of single-recycler households tend to implement simple waste separation programs. The labor market positions of spouses have different impacts on recycling policies. We further find that the municipalities implementing comprehensive recycling programs collect plastic bottles and containers more frequently than do other municipalities. This implies that the municipalities need to take measures to effectively execute comprehensive recycling programs after implementing them. 相似文献
130.
Gayan Lakendra Gunaratne Norio Tanaka G. P. Amarasekara Tilak Priyadarshana Jagath Manatunge 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2011,15(1):113-121
Physical processes of the lagoon are influenced by structural interventions. Understanding the complex reality of physical
processes sometimes difficult with field observations thus a model provides a simplified abstract view. Two dimensional hydrodynamic
model is used to describe, restoration efforts to Koggala lagoon, a combined freshwater and estuarine complex of rich ecosystem
on the southern coast of Sri Lanka. The lagoon mouth was naturally closed by a sand bar which controlled the seawater intrusion.
Due to large-scale sand removal at lagoon mouth, formation of the sandbar shifted towards the lagoon. After the removal of
natural sand barrier, rubble mound groyne structures were built to avoid sand deposition in the lagoon and to protect the
highway bridge from the sea wave attack. Construction of the groyne resulted in the lagoon mouth being permanently open which
in turn led to many environmental problems with saline intrusion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the current situation
of the lagoon and propose alternative structural interventions for minimization of seawater intrusion and subsequently improve
lagoon ecosystem. Hydrological parameters were investigated and mathematical models for hydrodynamic behavior of the lagoon
were applied in order to describe the lagoon physical processes and flow characteristics. Existing rubble mound structures
were redesigned in order to minimize the seawater intrusion. Numerical simulations were carried out for two different mouth
widths (40 m and 20 m) with appropriate structural interventions. Existing salting factor for the lagoon is 0.68 and numerical
simulation results showed salting factor for 40 m and 20 m openings are 0.61 and 0.54 respectively. This shows the mouth width
can be reduced up to 20 m in order to obtain a slating factor close to 0.5, which indicates the predominant influence of fresh
water which in turn leads lagoon to a fresh water ecosystem. 相似文献