中国喀斯特碳循环

<正>在2015年,全球CO_2平均浓度首次达到400×10~(-6);在2016年,多个大气观察站点的CO_2浓度持续保持在400×10~(-6)之上,最高达407.7×10~(-6)(世界气象组织WHO,2016-11-14);这意味着,因大气CO_2浓度升高而引起的全球气温升高、冰盖与冰川融化、极端气候事件频度等气候变化将更加严重。     

广东汕头海岸湿地鸟类群落及其多样性

对广东汕头海岸湿地的鸟类资源进行了调查,共记录鸟类100种,隶属15目31科,其中古北界鸟类43种,东洋界鸟类45种,广布种鸟类12种.区系组成呈南北鸟类混杂分布,鸟类的多样性表现出明显的季节性.该湿地有国家二级重点保护鸟类10种,中日候鸟保护协定名录中的鸟类43种.对5个湿地样区的主要鸟类种类和数量进行了调查,结果反映汕头海岸湿地是水鸟类重要的越冬栖息场,鸟类群落多样性指数以三屿围和六合围两个样区较高,分别为3.2306和3.2283,濠江口的多样性指数较低,为1.981.群落多样性指数的高低主要受物种数量和各物种数量均匀度的影响.本文还提出了对鸟类资源保护和管理的建议.表3参9     

广东佛山机场鸟类群落生态及鸟撞预防的研究

通过对佛山机场及附近6种生境的6条样带的调查,记录到有鸟类49种,分属10目23科.重要性值分析表明,最重要的种类6种,即池鹭、白鹭、小白腰雨燕、家燕、金腰燕、白头鹎.按鸟类的生境分布系数划分,广性分布有16种,占总种数的32.7%,构成了佛山机场各生境鸟类群落组成的主体.根据鸟类习性及其栖息生境的特点分析,提出预防鸟撞事件发生采取的对策措施.表1参10     

化学制造业上市公司环境绩效与财务绩效关系研究

选取沪深两市2011年-2014年化学原料和化学制品制造业88家上市公司为研究样本,采用实证分析方法研究两者之间的关系.环境绩效用单位营业收入排污费来衡量,财务绩效用总资产净利率来衡量.考虑到财务绩效的影响因素不仅有环境绩效,所以加入了公司规模等控制变量.分析结果显示,环境绩效与财务绩效并不是相互矛盾的关系,环境绩效的改善可以帮助公司获得更多的经济利润,企业可以在生产经营的同时主动地去履行环境保护的责任,实现环境与经济绩效的共赢.     

过渡带中岳桦种群生态特征的研究

在长白山北坡halt1525m-1775m的岳桦云冷杉森林过渡带和1990m-2170m的岳桦苔原林线过渡带中,沿海拔高度,采用梯度取样方法,进行岳桦种群生态学研究,分析了岳桦种群存活曲线、种群分布格局和种群竞争指数。同时应用分形分析研究了岳桦种群的分形特征。结果表明：依据岳桦种群的存活曲线,在岳桦云冷杉过渡带中岳桦种群处于由衰退型向稳定型发展的阶段,而在岳桦苔原过渡带中则由稳定型向增长型过渡,从种群分布格局指数分析,岳桦在两个过渡带中的分布格局类型都是杂乱无章的,而且都偏离随机分布,处于由一个生态系统向另一个生态系统转换的相变区,从竞争指数和盒维数来看,在岳桦云冷杉过渡带中,这两项指标都是由小到大迅速递增,而在岳桦苔原过渡 情况刚好相反。     

Combined bioremediation of atrazine-contaminated soil by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pennisetum</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arthrobacter</Emphasis> sp. strain DNS10

Strain DNS10 was isolated from the black soil collected from the northeast of China which had been cultivated with atrazine as the sole nitrogen source. Pennisetum is a common plant in Heilongjiang Province of China. The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of plant–microbe joint interactions (Arthrobacter sp. DNS10 + Pennisetum) in atrazine degradation compared with single-strain and single-plant effects. Plant–microbe joint interactions degraded 98.10 % of the atrazine, while single strain and single plant only degraded 87.38 and 66.71 % after a 30-day experimental period, respectively. The results indicated that plant–microbe joint interactions had a better degradation effect. Meanwhile, we found that plant–microbe joint interactions showed a higher microbial diversity. The results of microbial diversity illustrated that the positive effects of cropping could improve soil microbial growth and activity. In addition, we planted atrazine-sensitive plants (soybean) in the soil after repair. The results showed that soybean growth in soil previously treated with the plant–microbe joint interactions treatment was better compared with other treatments after 20 days of growth. This was further proved that the soil is more conducive for crop cultivation. Hence, plant–microbe joint interactions are considered to be a potential tool in the remediation of atrazine-contaminated soil.     

Anaerobic degradation of xenobiotic organic contaminants (XOCs): The role of electron flow and potential enhancing strategies

In groundwater, deep soil layer, sediment, the widespread of xenobiotic organic contaminants (XOCs) have been leading to the concern of human health and eco-environment safety, which calls for a better understanding on the fate and remediation of XOCs in anoxic matrices. In the absence of oxygen, bacteria utilize various oxidized substances, e.g. nitrate, sulphate, metallic (hydr)oxides, humic substance, as terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) to fuel anaerobic XOCs degradation. Although there have been increasing anaerobic biodegradation studies focusing on species identification, degrading pathways, community dynamics, systematic reviews on the underlying mechanism of anaerobic contaminants removal from the perspective of electron flow are limited. In this review, we provide the insight on anaerobic biodegradation from electrons aspect — electron production, transport, and consumption. The mechanism of the coupling between TEAs reduction and pollutants degradation is deconstructed in the level of community, pure culture, and cellular biochemistry. Hereby, relevant strategies to promote anaerobic biodegradation are proposed for guiding to an efficient XOCs bioremediation.     

不同工作模式下VOCs废气收集系统阻力平衡数值模拟与应用

为了提高平版印刷车间不同工作模式下VOCs废气收集系统的收集效率和降低收集系统的能耗,采用支路管道上增设调节阀和集气罩罩口增设三角板的联合措施,并通过数值模拟的方法对废气收集系统进行阻力平衡优化,使得各支路和集气罩罩口风量达到设计风量。将各集气罩模拟风量与实测风量进行比较,发现二者具有较高的吻合性,从而证明了数值模拟方法的可靠性。模拟结果表明:在全负荷运行模式下,经优化后,系统支路最大风量偏差与最大阻力不平衡率由原设计的41.81%和23.77%降至为0.26%和0.43%,优化后各集气罩风量偏差能够控制在-0.2%～0.3%;在不同工作模式下,优化后收集系统均已基本达到全平衡负压状态,各工作支路阻力偏差在0%～0.43%,各支路和集气罩能够实现在设计状态下运行。本研究结果可为VOCs废气收集系统的优化与运行提供参考。     

基于改进CM的尾矿坝体变形4级预警阈值确定方法*

为改善我国尾矿库在线监测系统由于重建设、轻利用而导致的事故预警能力被制约的现状,以尾矿坝体变形速率监测指标为研究对象,通过引入改进云模型,根据3E规则确定尾矿坝变形监测的正常运营值边界,建立尾矿库坝体变形速率4级预警阈值确定模型,以湖北省某尾矿库为例进行实例分析。结果表明:通过提出的坝体预警阈值确定方法,可得出尾矿库坝体变形速率黄、橙、红各级预警阀值分别为10.842,16.68,25.02 mm/d;进一步与典型小概率法计算结果对比表明,所提出的尾矿坝变形速率4级预警阈值确定方法更加科学合理,可用于尾矿库重要安全监测指标预警值的确定。     

中国南方喀斯特地区石灰土容重传递函数模型及影响因素研究

土壤容重(BD)数据的缺失严重影响了我国南方喀斯特地区土壤碳储量的估算,亟待利用已有数据来构建容重传递函数模型(PTFs)。本文利用南方喀斯特分布省份的石灰土土壤普查数据,首次较为系统地研究了喀斯特地区石灰土的容重传递函数模型及影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)国内外已发表的容重PTFs对中国南方喀斯特地区非地带性石灰土的适用性较差,需要进行优化或重新建立新的容重函数预测模型;(2)优化后的模型Shiri et al(2017)~*、韩光中等(2016)-a~*和韩光中等(2016)-c~*的预测精度得到明显提高;(3)基于石灰土亚类建立的PTFs具有很高的拟合度和预测精度,比优化模型更加适宜于喀斯特石灰土的土壤容重预测;(4)不同石灰土亚类容重预测的影响因素存在差异,其中土壤有机质含量是石灰土容重预测的关键因素,与各亚类土壤的BD都有很高的相关性;(5)土壤容重传递函数模型的适用性不仅与研究区域有关,同时也与研究的土壤类型有关。建议在今后喀斯特地区土壤容重预测模型研究中充分考虑地域差异性和土壤类型因素。