信息化助力成都市大气污染防治闭环管理

从大气环境质量问题出发,基于"现状、科研、对策、执行、评估"五步业务闭环管理工作法,建设成都市数智环境系统—大气大数据应用。在对数据量化分析、科学预测的基础上提出改善环境质量目标和量化措施,同时落实监管责任,实现市县乡三级调度和精细化网格监管全覆盖,变被动善后为主动预防,从而实现科技治霾和精准管控,切实决策大气环境质量问题。     

物联网泄漏检测和监测技术的应用

物联网泄漏检测和监测是一种新型的智能在线感知技术。采用物联网PDA-RFID检测和物联网在线实时泄漏源泄漏率监测技术,减少了人工监测数据录入的工作量和出错机会,解决了部分高空LDAR检测点难于检测问题,减少了可挥发性有机物的无组织排放,提高了无组织泄漏的早发现能力、减少了安全隐患。     

CO2浓度和光合光量子通量密度对叶用甘薯组培苗光合自养和过氧化物酶活力的影响

以新兴蔬菜叶用甘薯组织培养苗的茎节段作为外植体，用MS低糖、无激素培养基进行生根培养，设置不同的CO2浓度(Ci)和光合光量子通量密度(PPFD)对组培植株进行环境调控处理，获得小植株净光合速率最高的处理组合(Ci，PPFD)=(8720μmol mol^-1，250μmol m^-2 s^-1)，并在此组合下继续培养21d。结果表明：该调控系统可以有效地调节控制组培苗生长环境中的Ci和PPFD，提高组培苗的光合自养能力，实现低糖、无激素培养，处理组植株生长健壮，叶片数、株高、根鲜重和单株鲜重分别高出CK组57．7％，103．3％，131．6％和225．35％，叶片和根系过氧化物酶活力分别高出CK组26．3％和24．0％。图3表1参18。     

攀枝花市水系沉积物与土壤中重金属的地球化学特征比较

水系沉积物和土壤都是表生作用的产物,是环境中污染物质的重要受纳体,但两者在物质来源和受纳污染物方面又有不同。重金属通过不同方式进入到水系沉积物和土壤之中产生污染,对于区域环境具有重要的影响。为了了解攀枝花市水系沉积物和土壤中重金属元素地球化学特征的异同和污染状况,在攀枝花市范围内系统采集了水系沉积物和土壤样品,从环境地球化学角度,应用地球化学方法研究了攀枝花市水系沉积物及土壤中重金属的地球化学特征,应用地质累积指数法评价了污染情况,并对二者进行了比较研究。结果表明,攀枝花市水系沉积物中重金属的含量普遍高于土壤;水系沉积物和土壤中重金属的分布具有相似的特征;水系沉积物中重金属的污染程度高于土壤,但总体上来说,重金属的污染程度较小。两者的污染程度不同是因为接受污染物的方式不同;两者的分布趋势相同,说明具有相同或相近的污染来源。     

TiO2结构对光催化性能的影响及其提高的途径

文中介绍了TiO2的晶体结构与表面态性质对其光催化活性的影响,综述了近年来有关贵金属沉积、金属离子掺杂、表面光敏化、复合半导体、表面酸化和无机模板合成纳米粒子等改性技术的研究现状.还简单地介绍了电化学、微波场和超声波等外加场辅助光催化的进展.     

Evaluation of drinking water treatment combined filter backwash water recycling technology based on comet and micronucleus assay

Based on the fact that recycling of combined filter backwash water（CFBW）directly to drinking water treatment plants（WTP）is considered to be a feasible method to enhance pollutant removal efficiency,we were motivated to evaluate the genotoxicity of water samples from two pilot-scale drinking water treatment systems,one with recycling of combined backwash water,the other one with a conventional process.An integrated approach of the comet and micronucleus（MN）assays was used with zebrafish（Danio rerio）to investigate the water genotoxicity in this study.The total organic carbon（TOC）,dissolved organic carbon（DOC）,and trihalomethane formation potential（THMFP）,of the recycling process were lower than that of the conventional process.All the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference（P>0.05）between the conventional and recycling processes,and indicated that the genotoxicity of water samples from the recycling process did not accumulate in 15 day continuous recycling trial.It was worth noting that there was correlation between the concentrations of TOC,DOC,UV₂₅₄,and THMFPs in water and the DNA damage score,with corresponding R² values of 0.68,0.63,0.28,and 0.64.Nevertheless,both DNA strand breaks and MN frequency of all water samples after disinfection were higher than that of water samples from the two treatment units,which meant that the disinfection by-products（DBPs）formed by disinfection could increase the DNA damage.Both the comet and MN tests suggest that the recycling process did not increase the genotoxicity risk,compared to the traditional process.     

污水土地处理技术研究的最新进展

本文以地下渗滤系统、慢速渗滤系统为例 ,介绍了污水土地处理技术研究的最新进展 ,指出加速污水土地处理技术产业化的进程必将大大促进我国的环境保护与生态建设工作 ,并带来巨大的环境、经济与社会效益。     

cDNA sequence encoding metallothionein protein from Aegiceras corniculatum and its gene expression induced by Pb2+ and Cd2+ stresses

Constructing various green wetland examples for mangrove wetland systems is a useful way to use natural power to remediate the polluted wetlands at intertidal zones. Metallothioneins (MT) are involved in heavy metal tolerance, homeostasis, and detoxification of intracellular metal ions in plants. In order to understand the mechanism of heavy metal uptake in Aegiceras corniculatum, we isolated its metallothionein gene and studied the MT gene expression in response to heavy metals contamination. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of MT2 genes from young stem tissues of A. corniculatum growing in the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) polluted wetlands of Quanzhou Bay, southeast of China. The obtained cDNA sequence of MT is 512 bp in length, and it has an open reading frame encoding 79 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 7.92 kDa and the theoretical isoelectric point of 4.55. The amino acids include 14 cysteine residues and 14 glycine residues. It is a non-transmembrane hydrophilic protein. Sequence and homology analysis showed the MT protein sequence shared more than 60 % homology with other plant type 2 MT-like protein genes. The results suggested that the expression level of MT gene of A. corniculatum young stems induced by a certain range concentration of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ stresses (0.2 mmol L^?1 Pb²⁺, 1 mmol L^?1 Pb²⁺, 0.2 mmol L^?1 Pb²⁺, and 40 μmmol L^?1 Cd²⁺; 1 mmol L^?1 Pb²⁺ and 40 μmol L^?1 Cd²⁺) compared with control might show an adaptive protection. The expression levels of MT gene at 20 h stress treatment were higher than those at 480 h stress treatment. The expression levels of MT gene with 0.2 mmol L^?1 Pb²⁺ stress treatment were higher than those with 0.2 mmol L^?1 Pb²⁺ and 40 μmol L^?1 Cd²⁺ stress treatment, and the MT gene expression levels with 1 mmol L^?1 Pb²⁺ treatment were higher than those with 1 mmol L^?1 Pb²⁺ and 40 μmol L^?1 Cd²⁺ treatment. There exists an antagonistic action between Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in the MT metabolization of A. corniculatum.     

电子加速器辐射处理含氰废水的中试研究

以江苏省某碳纤维生产企业排放的含氰工业废水为研究对象,采用自屏蔽Dynamitron电子加速器(能量0.5~1.0 MeV,束流10~15 mA)开展了处理量为30 m3·d-1的中试实验.通过正交实验设计,研究了不同因素对氰化物降解的影响,优化了操作条件.研究结果表明,加速器辐照能够有效去除废水中的氰化物,当CN-浓度为21.08~117.49 mg·L-1,辐照剂量为1.5 kGy时,CN-的去除率为33.88%~59.25%.臭氧的存在可以显著提高氰化物的去除效率,辐照过程中加入2 mg·L-1的臭氧,在相同辐照剂量下,CN-的去除率可提高到48.19%~82.62%,氰化物的辐射降解可以用准一级反应动力学模型描述.氰化物辐射降解的主要产物为氨氮和氰酸盐.本实验研究是我国第一例运用电子加速器连续辐照处理实际工业废水的中试规模实验,为电离辐射技术在我国废水处理领域中的应用起到了良好的工程示范作用.     

屠宰与肉类加工废水可持续处理工艺探讨

文章对屠宰与肉类加工废水废水中的主要污染物来源、特点及对常见的两种屠宰与肉类加工废水处理工艺特点进行了阐述,通过对某大型屠宰与肉类加工企业污水处理工艺的两个不同方案进行对比分析。指出了在结合废水特征与出水指标的情况下,更为合理的屠宰与肉类加工废水处理工艺,并通过相关技术指标,论证了最佳的废水处理工艺,同时提出了屠宰与肉类加工废水可持续处理技术的观点。